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. 2021 Jun 15;9(3):229–238.

Table 2.

Hazard ratio for bladder cancer in relation to consumption of cruciferous vegetables stratified by quintile of reported consumption

Broccoli Cauliflower/Brussel Sprouts Composite/Total Cruciferous



n Fully Adjusted HR (CI) n Fully Adjusted HR (CI) n Fully Adjusted HR (CI)
All Bladder Cancer Quintile 1 2,081 ref 1,920 ref 2,016 ref
Quintile 2 1,362 0.991 (0.920, 1.066) 1,478 1.007 (0.936, 1.084) 1,714 1.022 (0.953, 1.095)
Quintile 3 1,933 1.007 (0.941, 1.077) 1,800 1.003 (0.936, 1.076) 1,613 0.986 (0.917, 1.060)
Quintile 4 2,058 1.024 (0.956, 1.097) 1,756 1.019 (0.949, 1.094) 1,667 1.021 (0.949, 1.100)
Quintile 5 1,133 1.083 (0.989, 1.185) 1,613 1.064 (0.984, 1.149) 1,557 1.082 (0.990, 1.182)
p trend (p value) 0.214 0.479 0.262
High Grade Bladder Carcinoma Quintile 1 798 ref 770 ref 785 ref
Quintile 2 543 1.026 (0.911, 1.154) 545 0.927 (0.824, 1.042) 679 1.066 (0.953, 1.191)
Quintile 3 739 1.025 (0.919, 1.144) 707 0.97 (0.868, 1.085) 589 0.955 (0.849, 1.074)
Quintile 4 789 1.037 (0.927, 1.160) 620 0.911 (0.811, 1.023) 615 1.002 (0.887, 1.131)
Quintile 5 395 1.068 (0.920, 1.239) 622 1.053 (0.930, 1.193) 596 1.184 (1.025, 1.367)
p trend (p value) 0.754 0.550 0.224
Low Grade Bladder Carcinoma Quintile 1 946 ref 844 ref 898 ref
Quintile 2 601 0.974 (0.873, 1.088) 683 1.045 (0.937, 1.165) 854 0.99 (0.891, 1.099)
Quintile 3 884 0.993 (0.898, 1.098) 811 1.03 (0.928, 1.144) 762 1.028 (0.925, 1.143)
Quintile 4 929 1.01 (0.913, 1.119) 852 1.105 (0.995, 1.226) 787 1.05 (0.943, 1.170)
Quintile 5 547 1.04 (0.912, 1.187) 717 1.029 (0.916, 1.155) 706 0.995 (0.874, 1.133)
p trend (p value) 0.729 0.762 0.754
Fatal Bladder Carcinoma Quintile 1 333 ref 279 ref 314 ref
Quintile 2 195 0.877 (0.724, 1.064) 207 1.002 (0.826, 1.216) 241 0.95 (0.791, 1.141)
Quintile 3 268 0.873 (0.731, 1.043) 283 1.076 (0.897, 1.291) 220 0.901 (0.744, 1.092)
Quintile 4 279 0.893 (0.745, 1.071) 226 0.911 (0.750, 1.107) 237 0.984 (0.809, 1.197)
Quintile 5 158 1.023 (0.808, 1.296) 238 1.146 (0.934, 1.406) 221 1.103 (0.873, 1.394)
p trend (p value) 0.599 0.874 0.896
Localized Bladder Carcinoma Quintile 1 594 ref 553 ref 554 ref
Quintile 2 372 0.992 (0.863, 1.141) 377 0.85 (0.738, 0.979) 460 1.056 (0.924, 1.206)
Quintile 3 481 0.911 (0.798, 1.040) 453 0.873 (0.763, 0.998) 398 0.913 (0.791, 1.053)
Quintile 4 534 0.995 (0.872, 1.136) 442 0.888 (0.774, 1.018) 407 0.985 (0.851, 1.140)
Quintile 5 278 0.998 (0.836, 1.191) 434 1.023 (0.883, 1.184) 440 1.234 (1.041, 1.462)
p trend (p value) 0.491 0.491 0.059
Advanced Bladder Carcinoma Quintile 1 105 ref 113 ref 105 ref
Quintile 2 87 1.423 (1.044, 1.941) 63 0.743 (0.534, 1.034) 97 1.157 (0.858, 1.560)
Quintile 3 92 1.1 (0.807, 1.500) 96 0.973 (0.726, 1.303) 71 0.943 (0.681, 1.307)
Quintile 4 103 1.233 (0.903, 1.682) 87 0.932 (0.688, 1.262) 97 1.251 (0.912, 1.715)
Quintile 5 52 1.282 (0.854, 1.925) 80 0.93 (0.663, 1.306) 69 1.07 (0.718, 1.594)
p trend (p value) 0.634 0.620 0.785
In Situ Bladder Carcinoma Quintile 1 646 ref 573 ref 593 ref
Quintile 2 403 0.976 (0.854, 0.115) 466 1.043 (0.915, 1.189) 540 1.067 (0.941, 1.210)
Quintile 3 599 1.02 (0.903, 1.151) 542 0.983 (0.866, 1.116) 501 1.031 (0.906, 1.174)
Quintile 4 603 0.968 (0.854, 1.098) 553 1.052 (0.926, 1.195) 512 1.035 (0.906, 1.184)
Quintile 5 359 1.125 (0.958, 1.322) 476 1.007 (0.874, 1.161) 464 1.04 (0.886, 1.222)
p trend (p value) 0.271 0.722 0.764

Abbreviations: n: number; HR: Hazard Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; ref: reference.