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. 2021 Jun 15;9(3):229–238.

Table 3.

Risk of Bladder Cancer by smoking status across quintiles of cruciferous vegetable consumption

Broccoli Cauliflower/Brussel Sprouts Composite/Total Cruciferous



n Fully Adjusted HR (CI) n Fully Adjusted HR (CI) n Fully Adjusted HR (CI)
Never Smokers Quintile 1 32,680 ref 38,345 ref 36,925 ref
Quintile 2 27,922 0.998 (0.833, 1.197) 31,542 1.010 (0.848, 1.203) 32,342 0.968 (0.817, 1.146)
Quintile 3 42,096 1.024 (0.868, 1.207) 38,811 1.048 (0.888, 1.238) 35,283 0.943 (0.795, 1.119)
Quintile 4 47,274 1.010 (0.857, 1.191) 35,174 1.090 (0.920, 1.292) 37,723 0.949 (0.797, 1.132)
Quintile 5 30,143 1.086 (0.880, 1.341) 36,243 1.164 (0.970, 1.397) 37,842 1.102 (0.898, 1.353)
p trend (p value) 0.663 0.493 0.421
Former Smokers Quintile 1 51,745 ref 52,507 ref 53,826 ref
Quintile 2 39,951 0.941 (0.856, 1.035) 43,404 1.013 (0.924, 1.111) 48,458 1.014 (0.928, 1.108)
Quintile 3 59,398 1.013 (0.930, 1.103) 54,076 0.981 (0.898, 1.072) 49,159 0.989 (0.903, 1.084)
Quintile 4 62,732 1.037 (0.951, 1.131) 51,935 1.013 (0.927, 1.108) 51,325 1.019 (0.928, 1.119)
Quintile 5 39,279 1.054 (0.941, 1.181) 51,183 1.029 (0.933, 1.135) 50,337 1.069 (0.956, 1.195)
p trend (p value) 0.444 0.670 0.599
Current Smokers Quintile 1 16,527 ref 15,667 ref 17,075 ref
Quintile 2 11,332 1.134 (0.972, 1.323) 10,714 0.982 (0.834, 1.156) 12,548 1.087 (0.934, 1.266)
Quintile 3 14,905 0.958 (0.822, 1.117) 12,828 1.037 (0.888, 1.212) 11,282 1.003 (0.851, 1.182)
Quintile 4 12,135 0.972 (0.824, 1.145) 11,911 0.969 (0.823, 1.140) 11,138 1.095 (0.925, 1.296)
Quintile 5 7,355 1.203 (0.970, 1.491) 11,134 1.089 (0.909, 1.303) 10,211 1.088 (0.882, 1.343)
p trend (p value) 0.261 0.851 0.408

Abbreviations: n: number; HR: Hazard Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; ref: reference.