Table 1. Prevalence of Demographic Characteristics, IBB, and Health, Mental Health, and Violence Outcomes.
| Characteristic | Valid responses, No. | Youth, No. (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 3929 | 15.7 (1.3) |
| Race/ethnicitya | 3805 | |
| Non-Hispanic | ||
| White | 1339 (35.2) | |
| Black | 1380 (36.3) | |
| Hispanic | 358 (9.4) | |
| Multiracial/other | 728 (19.1) | |
| Sex assigned at birth | 3888 | |
| Male | 1802 (46.4) | |
| Female | 2086 (53.7) | |
| Gender identity | 3124 | |
| Cisgender | 2811 (90.0) | |
| Gender diverseb | 313 (10.0) | |
| Sexual orientation | 3130 | |
| Heterosexual | 2109 (67.4) | |
| Sexual minority | 1021 (32.6) | |
| Experiences of IBB | 3939 | |
| No endorsement | 2434 (61.8) | |
| 1 stigmatized identity | 1277 (32.4) | |
| ≥2 stigmatized identities | 228 (5.8) | |
| IBB perpetration | 3603 | |
| No endorsement | 2631 (73.0) | |
| 1 stigmatized identity | 909 (25.2) | |
| ≥2 stigmatized identities | 63 (1.8) | |
| Health and health care | ||
| >2 y since check-up or routine well visit | 2685 | 449 (16.7) |
| Forgone medical care | 2605 | 872 (33.5) |
| Physical, mental, or emotional limitations | 2558 | 633 (24.8) |
| Mental health | ||
| Nonsuicidal self-injury | 3714 | 975 (26.3) |
| Suicidal ideation | 3645 | 761 (20.9) |
| Violence involvement | ||
| Perpetration | 3915 | 270 (6.9) |
| Exposure to violence | 3913 | 349 (8.9) |
| Physical fighting | 3812 | 1167 (30.6) |
| Homicide survivorshipc | 3813 | 1606 (42.1) |
| Sexual assault | 3763 | 567 (15.1) |
| Adolescent relationship abuse | 3571 | 402 (11.3) |
Abbreviation: IBB, identity-based bullying.
Non-Hispanic White and Non-Hispanic Black answered affirmatively to White or Black or African American racial categorization, respectively, and no to all other race/ethnicity items. The Hispanic category includes any participants who identified as Hispanic regardless of the race they endorsed. Multiracial identity includes youth who selected more than 1 race (and did not endorse Hispanic ethnicity), while other includes youth who self-identified as Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, or other (and did not endorse Hispanic).
Transgender, genderqueer, nonbinary, or other gender identity and youth whose gender identity differed from their sex assigned at birth.
Lifetime homicide survivorship was defined as answering affirmatively (ie, 1 or greater) to the question, “How many of your friends and/or family members have been murdered?”