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. 2021 Jul 7;22(14):7323. doi: 10.3390/ijms22147323

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Role of the integrin α5/β1, MAPK, and BMPR/SMAD signaling pathways in the PDA/GO-mediated osteogenic differentiation of ESCs. Cells were transfected with integrin α5/β1-specific siRNA, or treated with PD98059 (5 μM), SB203580 (5 μM), SP600125 (5 μM), or SB431542 (100 nM) for 48 h before (A–E) ALP activity, (F) [Ca2+]i, (G–K) Western blot analysis, and (L) Alizarin Red S staining. The values are expressed as means ± SD (n = 4). * p < 0.05 vs. each control value, and # p < 0.05 vs. PDA/GO value.