Table 1.
Demographic and characteristics of included patients with and without cellulitis.
| All patients (n = 206) |
No Cellulitis (n = 137) | Cellulitis (n = 69) |
p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | Mean ± SD | 59.47 ± 10.05 | 58.87 ± 10.45 | 60.63 ± 9.17 | n.s |
| BMI (kg/m2) | Median (IQR) | 27.82 (7.13) | 28.55 (6.96) | 26.83 (7.48) | n.s |
| Breast cancer treatment variables | |||||
| Radiation therapy | N (%) | 193 (93.69%) | 128 (93.43%) | 63 (94.20%) | n.s |
| Chemotherapy | N (%) | 171 (83.41%) | 112 (82.35%) | 59 (85.51%) | n.s |
| Endocrine therapy | N (%) | 164 (80.79%) | 109 (81.34%) | 55 (79.71%) | n.s |
| Mastectomy | N (%) | 108 (52.43%) | 69 (50.36%) | 39 (56.52%) | n.s |
| Post-mastectomy reconstruction | N (%) | 48 (44.44%) | 29 (42.03%) | 19 (48.72%) | n.s |
| Abdominal free flap | N (%) | 21 (19.44%) | 13 (18.84%) | 8 (20.51%) | n.s |
| Pedicled back flap | N (%) | 16 (14.81%) | 13 (15.94%) | 5 (12.82%) | n.s |
| Implant | N (%) | 12 (11.11%) | 6 (8.70%) | 6 (15.38%) | n.s |
| Lymph nodes removed (No.) | Median (IQR) | 17 (7) | 17 (7) | 17 (7) | n.s |
| Clinical lymphedema characteristics | |||||
| Lymphedema latency (years) | Median (IQR) | 0.67 (1.43) | 0.66 (1.35) | 0.72 (1.79) | n.s |
| Lymphedema duration (years) | Median (IQR) | 4.40 (5.52) | 3.75 (4.42) | 7.24 (6.57) | <0.001 |
| Clinical pitting edema | N (%) | 113 (54.85%) | 65 (47.45%) | 48 (69.57%) | <0.05 |
| Dominant arm affected | N (%) | 98 (47.57%) | 61 (44.53%) | 37 (53.62%) | n.s |
| Compression sleeve | N (%) | 181 (87.86%) | 118 (86.13%) | 63 (91.30%) | n.s |
| Compression gauntlet | N (%) | 125 (60.68%) | 85 (62.04%) | 40 (57.97%) | n.s |
| Night compression | N (%) | 64 (31.07%) | 36 (26.28%) | 28 (40.58%) | <0.05 |
| Pneumatic compression device | N (%) | 40 (19.42%) | 20 (14.60%) | 20 (28.99%) | <0.05 |
| Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry analysis | |||||
| Lymphedema excess volume (%) | Median (IQR) | 21.58 (29.03) | 14.36 (26.31) | 30.60 (27.82) | <0.001 |
| Lymphedema excess lean mass (%) | Median (IQR) | 13.57 (36.41) | 9.13 (30.48) | 21.30 (37.57) | <0.05 |
| Lymphedema excess fat mass (%) | Median (IQR) | 23.33 (39.55) | 20.51 (35.57) | 37.48 (50.53) | <0.05 |
| Lymphedema excess bone mass (%) | Median (IQR) | −2.00 (30.21) | −3.37 (28.86) | 2.03 (35.10) | n.s |
| Lymphedema arm: Fat mass proportion | Median (IQR) | 0.50 (0.15) | 0.50 (0.15) | 0.48 (0.12) | n.s |
| Healthy arm: Fat mass proportion | Median (IQR) | 0.47 (0.19) | 0.49 (0.19) | 0.45 (0.18) | n.s |
| Lymphedema arm: Lean mass proportion | Median (IQR) | 0.47 (0.12) | 0.46 (0.13) | 0.48 (0.11) | n.s |
| Healthy arm: Fat mass/arm ratio | Median (IQR) | 0.48 (0.16) | 0.47 (0.16) | 0.50 (0.15) | n.s |
| Bioimpedance spectroscopy analysis | |||||
| L-DEX | Median (IQR) | 21.90 (29.50) | 18.9 (28.50) | 30.2 (29.40) | <0.001 |
| Fat mass % | Median (IQR) | 32.52 (9.00) | 33.24 (9.07) | 31.04 (7.71) | n.s |
| Protein and minerals mass % | Median (IQR) | 18.07 (2.49) | 17.89 (2.42) | 18.40 (2.31) | n.s |
| Total body water % | Median (IQR) | 49.75 (6.80) | 49.34 (6.83) | 50.59 (5.87) | n.s |
| Intracellular fluid % | Median (IQR) | 54.64 (2.47) | 54.64 (2.53) | 54.67 (2.39) | n.s |
| Extracellular fluid % | Median (IQR) | 45.31 (2.43) | 45.32 (2.57) | 45.25 (2.34) | n.s |
| Fat-free mass % | Median (IQR) | 67.50 (9.19) | 66.97 (9.08) | 68.96 (8.05) | n.s |
| Active tissue mass % | Median (IQR) | 35.24 (5.18) | 35.03 (5.22) | 35.91 (5.00) | n.s |
| Extracellular mass % | Median (IQR) | 32.35 (5.07) | 32.08 (5.04) | 33.36 (4.71) | n.s |
| Smooth muscle mass % | Median (IQR) | 27.09 (5.22) | 26.76 (5.52) | 27.88 (4.46) | n.s |
| Basal metabolic rate (cals/day) | Median (IQR) | 1336.30 (235.25) | 1355.51 (226.50) | 1319.82 (256.00) | n.s |
| Phase angle (°) | Median (IQR) | 4.50 (0.90) | 4.50 (0.70) | 4.45 (0.90) | n.s |
| Hy-DEX hydration analysis | Median (IQR) | 13.95 (23.5) | 12.55 (19.4) | 16.5 (27.4) | n.s |
| Indocyanine green lymphangiography | |||||
| MD Anderson stage (median stage) | Median (IQR) | 3 (2) | 2 (2) | 3 (1) | <0.05 |
Table 1 legend: This table shows the demographics of the included patients. IQR = interquartile range. n.s = not significant. Comparisons between patients with and without cellulitis were compared using unpaired t-test, Chi-squared, or Mann–Whitney test depending on data type and distribution.