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Brain sparing and consequences for the offspring. The fetus responds to hypoxia via afferent signals (red arrow) by redistributing blood flow to essential vascular beds (via efferent output, green arrows), a process known as brain sparing. Vagal control (purple arrow) decreases heart rate. This leads to a number of consequences in the fetus, particularly in the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems. Abbrev: autism spectrum disorder, ASD; attention deficit disorder (ADHD).
