4-HNE	4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
Ac-MS	chronic active multiple sclerosis
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
ADCC	antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
APC	antigen presenting cell
BBB	blood–brain barrier
BDNF	brain-derived neurotrophic factor
C1P	ceramide 1-phosphate
Cer	ceramide
CNS	central nervous system
COX	cyclooxygenase
cPLA2α	cytosolic phospholipase A2α
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid
DAMP	danger-associated molecular pattern
DC	dendritic cell
DG	diacyloglycerol
dhCer	dihydroceramide
DMF	dimethylfumarate
DMT	disease-modifying therapy
EAE	experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
EDSS	expanded disability status scale
EV	extracellular vesicles
FMC	fast migrating cerebroside
Foxp3	forkhead box protein 3
GalCer	galactosylcermide
GL	glycolipid
GluCer	glucosylceramide
GM	gray matter
GPC	glycerophosphatidylcholine
GPI	glycosylphosphatidylinositol
GSL	glycosphingolipids
HDL-C	high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
HexCer	hexosylceramide
HNE	hydroxynonenal
HODE	hydroxy-octadecanoic acid
HOG	human oligoendroglioma
HOT	hydroxy-alpha-linolenic acid
HS	healthy subjects
ICAM-1	intercellular adhesion molecule 1
IFN-β	interferon β
IFN-γ	interferon γ
Ig	immunoglobulin
IL	interleukin
iNKT cells	invariant natural killer T cells
In-MS	chronic inactive multiple sclerosis
I-OND	inflammatory other neurological disease
iTCR	invariant T cell receptor
iTreg	induced regulatory T cell
LacCer	lactosylceramide
LDL-C	low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
LPA	lysophosphatic acid
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
LXR	nuclear liver X receptor
lysoPC	lysophosphatidylcholine
lysoPC-P	putative lysophosphatidylcholine plasmalogen
lysoPE	lysophosphatidylethanolamine
lysoPI	lysophosphatidylinositol
lysoPL	lyso phospholipid
MDA	malondialdehyde
MHC	major histocompatibility complex
MMP	matrix metalloproteinase
MRI	magnetic resonance image
MS	multiple sclerosis
NAWM	normal appearing white matter
nCNS	normal central nervous system
NCXs	sodium calcium exchangers
NFL	neurofilament light chains
NGF	nerve growth factor
NI-OND	non-inflammatory other neurological disease
NKT cells	natural killer T cells
NLR	NOD-like receptors
NO	nitric oxide
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2
nTreg	natural regulatory T cell
NZ	natalizumab
OCB	oligoclonal bands
OHC	hydroxycholesterol
OND	other neurological disease
PA	phosphatidylanisol
PAMP	pathogen-associated molecular pattern
PC	phosphatidylcholine
PC-P	putative phosphatidylcholine plasmalogen
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PE	phosphatidylethanolamine
PE-NMe	phosphtatidylethanolamine-N-methylethanolamine
PE-P	putative phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen
PG	phosphatidylglycerol
PI	phosphatidylinositol
PL	phospholipid
PPMS	primary progressive multiple sclerosis
PRR	pattern recognition receptor
PS	phosphatidylserine
PUFA	polyunsaturated fatty acid
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RRMS	relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
S1P	sphingosine 1-phosphate
S1PR	sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor
SL	sphingolipid
SM	sphingomyelin
Sph	sphingosine
SphK	sphingosine kinase
SPMS	secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
SSPE	subacute sclerosing panenecephalitis
SQDG	sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol
SREBPs	sterol regulatory element-binding proteins
TCR	T cell receptor
TG	triacyloglycerol
Th	T helper
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor α
Treg	regulatory T cell
VCAM-1	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
WM	white matter