Figure 3.

Lico D reduce senescence via AMPK activation in hBM-MSCs. (A) Representative images from immunoblot against senescence markers p53, p16, and p21 and (B–D) the expression level of target proteins was quantified using Image J software. (E) Representative images from immunoblot assay against AMPK, and phosphorylated AMPK and (F) the expression level of target proteins was quantified using Image J software. GAPDH was used as an internal control. Compound C (CC), an AMPK inhibitor was used. H₂O₂ (+) represents one-time treatment and H₂O₂ (++) represents double time treatment. The scale bar represents 100 µm. All data are represented as mean ± SD (n = 3) * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001.