Table 1.
A list of different virulence factors, their corresponding regulatory genes and their resultant clinical implications. Data have been collected from Otto (2014), Gordon (2008) and Oogai (2011) [47,48,49].
| Virulence Factors | Genes | Clinical Implications | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toxins | Hemolysin | Hla | Food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome, bullous impetigo and sepsis syndrome |
| Leukotoxin | lukD and E | ||
| Exfoliative toxin | eta and etb | ||
| Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 | tstH | ||
| Exoenzymes | Lipases | Geh | Tissue destruction and metastatic infections |
| Proteases | aur, sspA, B and C | ||
| Nucleases | nuc1 and nuc2 | ||
| Coagulases | coa and vWbp | ||
| Hyaluronate lyase | hysA | ||
| Immunomodulators | Leucocidin | lukS-PV and lukF-PV | Invasive skin infections, pneumonia and abscesses |
| Extra cellular adherence protein | Eap | ||
| Capsular polysaccharides | cap5 and cap8 | ||
| Phenol-soluble modulins | psm- α | ||
| Other | Attachment | clfA and B, fnbA and B, cna and ica | Endocarditis, septic arthritis, prosthetic devices and catheter infections, cystic fibrosis and relapsing infections |
| Persistence | Ica locus and hemB | ||