Table 1.

Current strategies to target the fibrotic phase of the FBR.

Inhibiting Compound	FBR Pathway Target	Implant Material	Implant Model	Species	Study Length (In Vivo)	References
Prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibitors	Collagen synthesis	N/A	Intraocular implants	Human	19 months	[192,193,195,199,200]
Col1 siRNA (Nanofiber scaffold-mediated RNA interference)	Collagen synthesis	siRNA–poly(caprolactone-co-ethylethylene phosphate) nanofibers	Posterior dorsal areas	Rat	4 weeks	[195]
Rapamycin (mTOR) siRNA	Type I collagen synthesis	Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel coatings	Subcutaneous siRNA-releasing device implantation	Mice	2 weeks	[199]
Halofuginone	Type I collagen synthesis	Silicone discs	Subcutaneous implantation	Rat	3 months	[201]
Relaxin, BMP-7, hepatocyte growth factor, SMAD7	TGF-β	Mock biosensors	Subcutaneous implantation	Rat	55 days	[192,193,202]
Pirfenidone	TGF-β and Collagen synthesis	Smooth and textured silicone implants	Submammary implantation	Rat	8 weeks	[193]
Masitinib	Tyrosine-kinase	Polyester fiber model	Subcutaneous implantation	Mice	4 weeks	[203]
Antisense oligonucleotides, cAMP, TNF	CCN2	polyether-polyurethane sponges	Subcutaneous implantation	Mice	14 days	[204,205]
Monoclonal antibodies specific for MMPs and TIMP-1	Pharmacological inhibition of MMP-1,-8,-13, and -18	In vitro human monocyte assay	In vitro	Human	In vitro	[206]
Pravastatin	Neovascularization and AMPK/mTOR pathway	Medical-grade Polyetheretherketone (SP)	Subcutaneous implantation	Mice	4 weeks	[207]
VEGF	Neovascularization	Commercial glucose sensors	Subcutaneous implantation	Mice	10 days	[208]