Table 1.

Medical history outline. Adapted from Esteves et al. [11], Clinics 66, 691–700, 2011.

Elements	Components
(1) Infertility History	Age of partners, length of time the couple has been attempting to conceive Contraceptive methods/duration Previous pregnancy/miscarriage (current partner/partner/another partner) Previous treatments Treatments/evaluations of female partner
(2) Sexual History	Potency, libido, lubricant use Ejaculation, timed intercourse, frequency of masturbation
(3) Childhood and Development	Cryptorchidism, hernia, testicular trauma, testicular torsion, infection (e.g., mumps) Sexual development, puberty onset
(4) Personal History	Systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, cirrhosis, hypertension) Sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, viral infections, genital and systemic bacterial infections, history of fever
(5) Previous Surgery/Treatment	Orchidopexy, herniorrhaphy, orchiectomy (e.g., testicular cancer, torsion) Retroperitoneal and pelvic surgery Other inguinal, scrotal, or perineal surgery Bariatric surgery, bladder neck surgery, transurethral resection of the prostate
(6) Gonadotoxin Exposure	Pesticides, alcohol, cocaine, marijuana Medication (e.g., chemotherapy agents, cimetidine, sulfasalazine, nitrofurantoin, allopurinol, colchicine, thiazide, α- and β-blockers, calcium blockers, finasteride) Organic solvents, heavy metals Anabolic steroids, tobacco use High temperatures, electromagnetic energy Radiation (e.g., therapeutic, nuclear power plant workers)
(7) Family History	Cystic fibrosis, endocrine diseases Infertility
(8) Current Health Status/Lifestyle	Respiratory infection, anosmia Galactorrhea, visual disturbances Obesity, metabolic syndrome