Table 3.

Summary of findings for the role of telemedicine in cardiovascular disease/risk management.

n	Name of Author (S) and Year	Number of Participants	Type of Study	Advantage	Outcome
1	Walter V.D. et al., 2012 [30]	-	Cost analysis model	Measuring the impact of cost involvement in treatment, the incremental net benefit, and the quality-adjusted life years	15% decrease in emergency room visits, as well as changes in utilization costs among bypass (−17%), rehabilitation (−13%), catheterization (−59%), medication (−14%), and angioplasty (−59%).
2	Reid R.D. et al., 2012 [33]	223	RCT	Monitoring physical activity for patients with ACS	More effective in monitoring physical activity for patients with ACS than for patients who received usual care
3	Gallagher B.D. et al., 2017 [46]	40	RCT	Medication adherence in a patient with heart failure	Improved medication adherence
4	Abraham W.T. et al., 2011 [40]	550	RCT	Monitoring pulmonary artery hemodynamic data for a patient with heart failure to reduce hospitalization	Significant reduction in hospitalization for patients with heart failure.
5	Vernooij J.W.P. et al., 2012 [16]	330	RCT	Promoting self-management in reducing vascular risk factors	Effective in reducing vascular risk and risk factors for patients with vascular diseases
6	Chen et al., 2019 [44]	767	RCT	Reducing readmission and improving self-care of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)	Improved self-care behavior and reduced days lost in readmission
7	Appel L.J. et al., 2011 [45]	415	RCT	Weight reduction intervention in obese participants.	Significant weight loss recorded by telemedicine compared to in-person coaching over 24 months.
8	Boyne J.J. et al., 2012 [47]	870	RCT	Monitoring to identify the early symptoms of patients with heart failure to reduce the readmission of rehospitalization	No significant result was found in reducing the rehospitalization
9	Marino M.M. et al., 2020 [49]	430	Cross-sectional	For screening and early detection programs in the prevention of CVD	Effective in screening, early detection, and cost reduction.
10	Dendale P. et al., 2012 [50]	160	RCT	Monitoring and following up patients with heart failure to reduce rehospitalization and mortality rate	Effective in collaboration with doctors to reduce death rate and several days lost due to hospitalization
11	Koehler F. et al., 2018 [48]	1571	RCT	Detecting early signs and symptoms of a patient with heart failure	Effective in detecting early signs and symptoms, as well as reducing days of unplanned readmission and causes of death
12	Benson G.A. et al., 2018 [17]	1028	Retrospective cohort study	For the intervention of main CV risk factors (dyslipidemia and hypertension)	Significant improvement in the prevention of dyslipidemia and hypertension (CV risk factors) among patients at high risk for developing CVD
13	Widmer R.J. et al., 2017 [19]	64	RCT	Cardiac rehabilitation and rehospitalization of patients after PCI for ACS	Significantly reduced CV-related emergency department visits and rehospitalization in patients after ACS
14	Heron N. et al., 2019 [41]	40	RCT	Improving home-based prevention program of patients with a transient ischemic attack	Improved secondary prevention after a transient ischemic attack
15	Bosworth H.B. et al., 2018 [18]	429	RCT	For self-management of patients with CV risk factors	Effective in the intervention of CV risk factors and self-management of patients with CVD
16	Joubert J. et al., 2014 [27]	91	Cross-sectional	Screening CV risk factorsat the community level	Effective in screening CV risk and sending data from a remote area
17	Brunetti N.D. et al., 2015 [20]	3213	Follow-up	Prehospital electrocardiogram screening and remote teleconsultations	Effective in detecting acute CVD via ECG
18	Wienert J. et al., 2019 [26]	310	RCT	For the intervention of health behavior related to CV risk	Effective in promoting a healthy lifestyle to reduce CV risk
19	Genevieve C. et al., 2020 [23]	934	RCT	Involving digital health with the integration of personal data of primary care	The study highlighted that EHR-integrated eHealth interventions have better potential to help the cognitive, affective, and behavioral characteristics of changing health behavior.