Table-3.
Effects of heat and cold exposures for 4 days (post-hatch days 21-25) on the morphology of ileum in broiler chickens subjected to thermal manipulation (TM) during embryogenesis (n=3).
| Day 4 of stress | Ileum | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VH (µm) | VW (µm) | VSA (µm2) | CD (µm) | VH:CD(µm) | ||
| TN | Control | 600.61 ± 27.43 | 154.67 ± 7.31 | 292758 ± 25479 | 142.99 ± 3.79 | 4.2 ± 0.16 |
| TML | 649.13 ± 16.34 | 137.81 ± 16.79 | 282610 ± 41917 | 156.58 ± 7.82 | 4.17 ± 0.26 | |
| TMH | 662.73 ± 104.83 | 135.08 ± 11.57 | 274235 ± 21247 | 151.18 ± 17.27 | 4.34 ± 0.19 | |
| CHS | Control | 594.75 ± 42.37 | 137.4 ± 13.16 | 260095 ± 44391 | 180.99 ± 19.41 | 3.42 ± 0.63 |
| TML | 632.01 ± 60.31 | 157.99 ± 15.27 | 319131 ± 57304 | 134.39 ± 11.57 | 4.82 ± 0.79 | |
| TMH | 646.22 ± 40.6 | 142.74 ± 12.6 | 291838 ± 39722 | 144.07 ± 18.02 | 4.61 ± 0.59 | |
| CCS | Control | 720.44 ± 63.96 | 125.42 ± 7.15 | 286560 ± 409180 | 167.66 ± 26.82 | 4.45 ± 0.54 |
| TML | 656.95 ± 86.62 | 173.02 ± 37.31 | 361795 ± 108242 | 170.26 ± 25.56 | 3.92 ± 0.46 | |
| TMH | 892.48 ± 205.18 | 120.04 ± 3.02 | 333993 ± 71003 | 163.72 ± 3.38 | 5.44 ± 1.21 | |
TN: thermal neutral. CHS: chronic heat stress. CCS: chronic cold stress. VH: villus height. VW: villus width. VSA: villus surface area. CD: crypt depth. VH:CD: villus height to crypt depth ratio