Table 3.
Difference of QOL according to Characteristics of the Participants (N = 111).
| Characteristics | QOL | |
|---|---|---|
| M (SEM) | t (p) | |
| Age (year) | ||
| Adolescent (<19) | 60.75 (3.51) | 0.59 (0.558) |
| Adult (≥19) | 58.63 (1.73) | |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 61.21 (2.81) | 0.98 (0.328) |
| Female | 58.01 (1.86) | |
| Religion | ||
| No | 59.77 (1.85) | 0.49 (0.627) |
| Yes | 58.20 (2.79) | |
| Duration of disease (year) | ||
| <10 | 62.01 (1.92) | 2.23 (0.028) |
| ≥10 | 54.97 (2.59) | |
| Experience of hypoglycemia (past one month) | ||
| No | 54.36 (6.67) | −0.58 (0.563) |
| Yes | 59.38 (1.61) | |
| Frequency of hypoglycemia (average per month) | ||
| <5.58 | 60.98 (1.89) | 1.81 (0.074) |
| ≥5.58 | 54.87 (2.67) | |
| Blood glucose level at hypoglycemia (mg/dL, past one month) * | ||
| <56.38 | 57.88 (2.02) | 1.32 (0.190) |
| ≥56.38 | 62.68 (3.01) | |
| Complications | ||
| No | 61.02 (1.70) | 2.44 (0.016) |
| Yes | 51.66 (3.48) | |
| HbA1C (%) * | ||
| <6.5 | 57.64 (2.62) | −0.49 (0.627) |
| ≥6.5 | 59.22 (1.86) | |
| Efficacy for self-management of diabetes | ||
| <5.47 | 49.14 (2.06) | −7.33 (<0.001) |
| ≥5.47 | 67.99 (1.59) | |
| Acceptance and action | ||
| <3.94 | 50.39 (2.08) | −6.23 (<0.001) |
| ≥3.94 | 67.18 (1.68) | |
Note. * Missing value. QOL = Quality of life; M = Mean; SEM: Standard error mean; HbA1C = Glycated hemoglobin.