Table 2.
Effect of lithium in bees and bee products in factor of time. Analysis of log-transformed Li concentration data using linear mixed models revealed a significant effect of time relative to the LiCl treatment (control: pre-treatment (day 0); treated: 1, 4, 8, 16, and 22 days post-treatment) of honeybee colonies on lithium concentration of the bees, the honey, and the bee bread, but not that of the wax and the hive debris. Results of Tukey HSD post hoc tests are shown in Figure 2.
| Main Effects | Overall Model | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor | Effect type | d.f. (Effect, Error) |
F | p | R2adj. | d.f. (Model, Residual) |
F | p | |
| Bee head | day | fixed | 5, 15 | 154.4 | <0.001 | 0.971 | 8, 15 | 96.8 | <0.001 |
| hive | random | 3, 15 | 0.8 | 0.529 | |||||
| Bee thorax and abdomen | day | fixed | 5, 15 | 395.1 | <0.001 | 0.988 | 8, 15 | 247.9 | <0.001 |
| hive | random | 3, 15 | 2.5 | 0.102 | |||||
| Bee leg | day | fixed | 5, 15 | 156.2 | <0.001 | 0.971 | 8, 15 | 97.9 | <0.001 |
| hive | random | 3, 15 | 0.7 | 0.592 | |||||
| Honey | day | fixed | 5, 15 | 57.3 | <0.001 | 0.925 | 8, 15 | 36.5 | <0.001 |
| hive | random | 3, 15 | 1.7 | 0.210 | |||||
| Bee bread | day | fixed | 5, 15 | 6.6 | 0.002 | 0.543 | 8, 15 | 4.4 | 0.006 |
| hive | random | 3, 15 | 0.8 | 0.512 | |||||
| Hive debris | day | fixed | 5, 15 | 1.0 | 0.451 | 0.000 | 8, 15 | 1.0 | 0.474 |
| hive | random | 3, 15 | 1.0 | 0.418 | |||||