Table 3.
The content of individual and total organic acids (mean ± standard error in g/kg; fumaric and shikimic acid in mg/100 g) and vitamin C (mean ± standard error in mg/100 g FW) of blackberry fruits and two-way ANOVA of harvest date, cultivar and interaction between harvest date × cultivar.
| Cultivar | Term | Citric Acid | Malic Acid | Tartaric Acid | Fumaric Acid | Shikimic Acid | Total Organic Acids | Vitamin C | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ± se | s. | ± se | s. | ± se | s. | ± se | s. | ± se | s. | ± se | s. | ± se | s. | |||||||||
| ‘Cacanska Bestrna’ | T1 | 4.79 | 0.30 | a | 4.36 | 0.46 | a | 2.66 | 0.20 | a | 0.13 | 0.10 | b | 2.27 | 0.07 | a | 11.84 | 0.91 | a | 10.27 | 0.80 | a |
| T2 | 5.28 | 0.31 | a | 4.07 | 0.41 | a | 2.70 | 0.15 | a | 0.24 | 0.02 | ab | 2.10 | 0.14 | a | 12.07 | 0.83 | a | 11.16 | 0.84 | a | |
| T3 | 5.28 | 0.22 | a | 5.14 | 0.39 | a | 2.19 | 0.03 | a | 0.36 | 0.03 | a | 2.24 | 0.09 | a | 12.63 | 0.48 | a | 11.22 | 0.77 | a | |
| T4 | 4.70 | 0.41 | a | 4.80 | 0.61 | a | 1.91 | 0.23 | a | 0.45 | 0.03 | a | 2.41 | 0.05 | a | 11.44 | 1.18 | a | 11.81 | 0.82 | a | |
| T5 | 4.45 | 1.35 | a | 3.99 | 1.25 | a | 2.13 | 0.64 | a | 0.39 | 0.11 | a | 1.86 | 0.56 | a | 10.58 | 3.22 | a | 11.85 | 0.67 | a | |
| T6 | 3.48 | 1.13 | a | 2.86 | 0.85 | a | 1.88 | 0.66 | a | 0.40 | 0.08 | a | 1.72 | 0.44 | a | 8.24 | 2.64 | a | 12.25 | 0.45 | a | |
| ‘Loch Ness’ | T1 | 6.10 | 0.32 | a | 2.16 | 0.65 | a | 3.29 | 0.22 | a | 0.82 | 0.09 | a | 1.05 | 0.10 | ab | 11.58 | 0.28 | a | 8.75 | 0.75 | a |
| T2 | 6.03 | 0.22 | a | 3.02 | 0.20 | a | 3.29 | 0.20 | a | 0.84 | 0.09 | a | 1.19 | 0.13 | a | 12.36 | 0.59 | a | 9.85 | 0.46 | a | |
| T3 | 4.00 | 0.23 | bc | 2.18 | 0.16 | a | 2.04 | 0.24 | b | 0.76 | 0.11 | a | 1.03 | 0.03 | ab | 8.25 | 0.63 | b | 9.19 | 0.67 | a | |
| T4 | 3.61 | 0.93 | c | 2.26 | 0.13 | a | 2.44 | 0.15 | b | 0.48 | 0.04 | b | 1.03 | 0.29 | ab | 8.32 | 0.83 | b | 9.39 | 0.46 | a | |
| T5 | 5.14 | 0.09 | ab | 2.94 | 0.21 | a | 3.13 | 0.11 | a | 0.60 | 0.04 | ab | 1.00 | 0.04 | ab | 11.23 | 0.36 | a | 9.22 | 0.95 | a | |
| T6 | 4.66 | 0.25 | bc | 2.06 | 0.08 | a | 2.53 | 0.16 | b | 0.67 | 0.04 | ab | 0.61 | 0.26 | b | 9.27 | 0.46 | b | 7.84 | 0.88 | a | |
| ‘Navaho’ | T1 | 4.85 | 0.17 | a | 3.79 | 0.02 | a | 2.73 | 0.11 | a | 0.35 | 0.02 | a | 1.70 | 0.04 | abc | 11.38 | 0.25 | a | 4.52 | 0.77 | c |
| T2 | 4.31 | 0.15 | ab | 3.44 | 0.09 | ab | 2.46 | 0.07 | ab | 0.41 | 0.01 | a | 1.92 | 0.08 | a | 10.23 | 0.28 | ab | 8.49 | 0.45 | b | |
| T3 | 4.12 | 0.28 | ab | 3.71 | 0.29 | a | 2.15 | 0.13 | c | 0.38 | 0.02 | a | 1.75 | 0.05 | ab | 10.00 | 0.68 | ab | 8.93 | 0.41 | ab | |
| T4 | 2.94 | 0.78 | b | 3.56 | 0.07 | ab | 2.17 | 0.07 | bc | 0.27 | 0.09 | a | 1.54 | 0.08 | bc | 8.69 | 0.70 | bc | 8.89 | 0.15 | ab | |
| T5 | 2.93 | 0.80 | b | 3.60 | 0.12 | a | 2.35 | 0.09 | bc | 0.34 | 0.02 | a | 1.62 | 0.09 | bc | 8.91 | 0.81 | bc | 8.79 | 0.48 | b | |
| T6 | 4.17 | 0.25 | ab | 3.12 | 0.14 | b | 2.65 | 0.09 | a | 0.29 | 0.09 | a | 1.50 | 0.09 | c | 7.57 | 0.46 | c | 10.32 | 0.30 | a | |
| ‘Smoothstem’ | T1 | 7.15 | 0.30 | a | 5.68 | 0.38 | a | 3.31 | 0.23 | a | 0.41 | 0.01 | a | 2.78 | 0.10 | b | 16.16 | 0.89 | a | 10.17 | 0.40 | a |
| T2 | 6.33 | 0.25 | b | 4.77 | 0.35 | a | 2.96 | 0.11 | a | 0.46 | 0.17 | a | 2.50 | 0.25 | b | 14.08 | 0.66 | ab | 10.69 | 0.27 | a | |
| T3 | 6.38 | 0.10 | b | 4.99 | 0.19 | a | 2.98 | 0.11 | a | 0.43 | 0.21 | a | 2.77 | 0.14 | b | 14.38 | 0.38 | ab | 10.64 | 1.59 | a | |
| T4 | 5.23 | 0.22 | c | 4.77 | 0.43 | a | 2.40 | 0.16 | a | 0.22 | 0.14 | a | 2.66 | 0.06 | b | 12.43 | 0.80 | b | 9.98 | 0.68 | a | |
| T5 | 6.10 | 0.23 | b | 3.73 | 1.26 | a | 2.18 | 0.73 | a | 0.16 | 0.09 | a | 2.35 | 0.27 | a | 12.04 | 1.79 | b | 9.79 | 1.11 | a | |
| T6 | 5.23 | 0.24 | c | 4.61 | 0.26 | a | 3.01 | 0.27 | a | 0.18 | 0.13 | a | 2.73 | 0.12 | b | 12.89 | 0.73 | b | 7.96 | 0.22 | a | |
| ‘Thornfree’ | T1 | 6.07 | 0.12 | a | 4.15 | 1.02 | a | 2.54 | 0.07 | a | 0.55 | 0.04 | a | 2.39 | 0.08 | b | 12.79 | 0.98 | a | 6.73 | 0.30 | ab |
| T2 | 6.25 | 0.30 | a | 5.37 | 0.36 | a | 2.62 | 0.13 | a | 0.35 | 0.13 | ab | 2.26 | 0.07 | b | 14.26 | 0.67 | a | 8.04 | 0.61 | ab | |
| T3 | 5.63 | 0.25 | a | 4.61 | 0.49 | a | 2.41 | 0.25 | a | 0.24 | 0.14 | ab | 2.47 | 0.14 | ab | 12.67 | 0.86 | a | 8.55 | 0.96 | ab | |
| T4 | 5.47 | 0.20 | a | 5.01 | 0.61 | a | 2.46 | 0.21 | a | 0.36 | 0.13 | ab | 2.43 | 0.08 | ab | 12.97 | 1.02 | a | 5.53 | 0.87 | b | |
| T5 | 4.24 | 0.41 | a | 4.73 | 0.57 | a | 2.28 | 0.75 | a | 0.38 | 0.11 | ab | 2.77 | 0.17 | a | 11.27 | 1.72 | a | 6.69 | 0.66 | ab | |
| T6 | 4.83 | 0.31 | a | 5.26 | 0.35 | a | 2.47 | 0.14 | a | 0.14 | 0.00 | b | 2.18 | 0.11 | b | 12.58 | 0.73 | a | 9.21 | 1.45 | a | |
| Cultivar | ‘Cacanska Bestrna’ | 4.66 | 0.30 | C | 4.20 | 0.30 | A | 2.24 | 0.16 | B | 0.33 | 0.03 | B | 2.10 | 0.12 | C | 11.13 | 0.73 | B | 11.43 | 0.30 | A |
| Cultivar | ‘Loch Ness’ | 4.92 | 0.25 | BC | 2.44 | 0.14 | B | 2.79 | 0.12 | A | 0.69 | 0.04 | A | 0.99 | 0.07 | E | 10.17 | 0.39 | BC | 9.04 | 0.29 | BC |
| Cultivar | ‘Navaho’ | 3.89 | 0.23 | D | 3.14 | 0.25 | B | 2.42 | 0.06 | AB | 0.34 | 0.02 | B | 1.67 | 0.04 | D | 9.47 | 0.33 | C | 8.34 | 0.41 | CD |
| ‘Smoothstem’ | 6.07 | 0.16 | A | 4.76 | 0.25 | A | 2.80 | 0.15 | A | 0.31 | 0.06 | B | 2.80 | 0.08 | A | 13.66 | 0.46 | A | 9.87 | 0.37 | B | |
| ‘Thornfree’ | 5.42 | 0.27 | AB | 4.85 | 0.32 | A | 2.46 | 0.13 | AB | 0.34 | 0.05 | B | 2.42 | 0.06 | B | 12.76 | 0.64 | A | 7.46 | 0.44 | D | |
| p term | 0.0000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.005 ** | 0.1743 | 0.0448 * | 0.005 ** | 0.0148 * | |||||||||||||||
| p cultivar | 0.0000 *** | 0.0622. | 0.004 ** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | 0.000 *** | |||||||||||||||
| p INT | 0.294 | 0.1477 | 0.550 | 0.0423 * | 0.2131 | 0.7239 | 0.0018 ** | |||||||||||||||
Different small letters (a–d) in columns denote statistically significant differences between sampling dates for each blackberry cultivar by Duncan’s multiple range test (p < 0.05). Different capital letters (A–C) in columns denote statistically significant differences by Duncan’s multiple range test (p < 0.05) among different cultivars (* statistically significant differences at a p-value < 0.05; ** statistically significant differences at a p-value < 0.001; *** statistically significant differences at a p-value < 0.0001; no asterisk—statistically non-significant). Harvest dates: T1—28.07; T2—4.08; T3—10.08; T4—18.08.; T5—25.08; T6—1.9, all in 2015.