Figure 6.

Readouts from Lung-On-A-Chip Devices. Lung-on-a-chip technologies allow time-varying, dynamic inputs to the microtissues, such as flow (both media flows to mimic blood flows as well as gas flows to mimic inhalation) or biochemical stimulation. These platforms can be integrated with technologies to monitor the outputs. Continuous measurements can give information about evolution of the biological response, while snapshot endpoint measurements can also be adapted to the microscale platforms. On-chip sensors (e.g., optical, electrical, electrochemical) are integrated within the organ-on-chip device itself. In-line sensors are external sensors that can be used to monitor the input and/or outputs to the chips.