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Porosity of 3D-printed concrete versus casted concrete.
| Study | Concrete Type | Test Method | Casted Concrete | Printed Concrete |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Porosity (%) | Porosity (%) | |||
| [178] | OPC-SCM blended concrete | Vacuum saturation method | 9.7 | Core part = 9.12, horizontal interface = 11.0, vertical interface = 11.2 |
| [224] | OPC-SCM blended concrete | X-ray computed tomography | 6.8 | horizontal interface = 7.7, vertical interface = 8.0 |
| [185] | Ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete | ASTM C20 [232] | 10.3 | 10.9 |
