| ADG | adipogenesis |
| Ads | adipocytes |
| AKT | protein kinase B |
| AT | adipose tissue |
| CHG | chronic hyperglycemia |
| C/EBPs | CCAAT enhancer-binding proteins |
| FOXO1 | forkhead box O1 |
| GLUT4 | glucose transporter 4 |
| HG | hyperglycemia |
| IHG | intermittent hyperglycemia |
| mTOR2 | mammalian target of rapamycin 2 |
| NG | normoglycemia |
| pAds | preadipocytes |
| PDK1 | phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 |
| PIP2 | phophatidylinositol-4,5-biphospate |
| PIP3 | phophatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphospate |
| PI3K | phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase |
| PI3K-C | phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit |
| PI3K-R | phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase regulatory subunit |
| PPARG | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma |
| PTEN | phosphatase and tensin homolog |
| T2DM | type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| VAT | visceral adipose tissue |