Table 2.
Changes reported during the COVID-19 outbreak and prevalence of high stress, insomnia, anxiety, and depression during the 1st and 2nd waves.
| Reported Effect | 1st Wave | 2nd Wave | 2nd Wave * | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | p | N | % | p | |
| Increased/greatly increased workload | 94 | 52.2 | 126 | 88.1 | 0.000 | 91 | 85.8 | 0.000 |
| The work became more repetitive and monotonous | 54 | 30.6 | 43 | 30.1 | 0.589 | 34 | 32.1 | 0.485 |
| More frequent need to inform of the death of a relative | 56 | 36.7 | 88 | 61.6 | 0.000 | 65 | 61.3 | 0.000 |
| Isolation at work | - | - | 72 | 50.4 | 53 | 50.0 | ||
| Isolation in life | - | - | 115 | 80.5 | 84 | 79.2 | ||
| Time for physical exercise was shorter/much shorter | 141 | 88.3 | 117 | 81.8 | 0.099 | 84 | 79.2 | 0.395 |
| Time for meditation was shorter/much shorter | 87 | 48.3 | 97 | 67.9 | 0.000 | 67 | 63.2 | 0.003 |
| High stress (effort/reward weighted ratio >1) | 139 | 77.2 | 118 | 83.1 | 0.192 | 91 | 85.8 | 0.105 |
| Insomniac (SCI08 score ≤16; SCI02 score ≤ 4) | 79 | 43.9 | 57 | 40.1 | 0.499 | 64 | 60.4 | 0.561 |
| Anxious (GADS anxiety score ≥5) | 45 | 25.0 | 45 | 31.3 | 0.212 | 32 | 29.9 | 0.442 |
| Depressed (GADS depression score ≥2) | 89 | 49.4 | 90 | 62.5 | 0.019 | 68 | 63.6 | 0.028 |
SCI08 = Sleep Condition Indicator; SCI02 = Sleep Condition Indicator, short form, two items; GADS = Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale; * excluding workers who were not present at T0.