| Cp | sodium alginate concentration in the permeate solution, ppm (Equation (1)) |
| Cf | sodium alginate concentration in the feed solution, ppm (Equation (1)) |
| GGA | Gum Arabic-Graphene J permeation flux, L.m−2.h−1 |
| NMP | N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone |
| NaAlg | sodium alginate |
| PWF | pure water flux, L.m−2.h−1 |
| R | retention value, % (Equation (1)) |
| PPSU | Polyphenylsulfone |
| ε | membrane porosity, % |
| rm | membrane mean pore size, nm |
| CA | contact angle, ° |
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