Table 1.

Summary of presented in the literature studies applying “omics” approaches to the analysis of mechanisms in CKD-A.

Studied Mechanism/Process in CKD-A	Applied “Omics” Strategy	References
Unique dyslipidemia	Lipidomics	[57]
Alterations in lipid transport- and metabolism-related molecules	MS-based proteomics Transcriptomics Metabolomics	[58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65]
Disturbances in chemical composition, structure and functionality of HDL	MS-based proteomics Lipidomics	[58,59,60,61,62,63,64,66]
Association of vascular calcification with accelerated inflammation and the progression of CKD	MS-based proteomics	[67,68,69,70,71,72]
Relationships between uremic toxins and development of vascular calcification	MS-based proteomics Aptamer-based proteomics Metabolomics	[69,73,74]
The mechanism of inflammation and atherogenesis development in renal and non-renal conditions	MS-based proteomics Transcriptomics Aptamer-based proteomics	[75,76,77,78,79]
The mechanism of VSMC calcification	MS-based proteomics	[80]
Enhanced inflammatory state or inflammation imbalance	MS-based proteomics	[67,68,76,79,81,82,83,84]
Disturbances in ECM turnover, endothelial adhesion and transmigration	MS-based proteomics Metabolomics Transcriptomics	[79,84,85,86,87]
Dysregulation of hemostasis and coagulation process	MS-based proteomics	[67,68,75,79,81,82,86,87]
The mechanism of hypoxia and oxidative stress	MS-based proteomics Transcriptomics	[84]