Table 1.
Chronic liver diseases in human patients. Major etiological agents/conditions, type of disease and patterns of fibrosis.
| Type of Chronic Injury | Agent/Condition | Disease | Pattern of Fibrosis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parenchymal: viral infection | HBV | ||
| HCV | CVH | Bridging fibrosis, post-necrotic | |
| HBV + HDV | |||
| Parenchymal: altered metabolism | Obesity/T2DM/MS | NAFLD | Pericellular/perisinusoidal fibrosis |
| Parenchymal: toxic | Ethanol | ALD | Pericellular/perisinusoidal fibrosis |
| Parenchymal: immune-mediated | Autoimmune injury to hepatocytes | AH1 | Bridging fibrosis, |
| AH2 | post-necrotic | ||
| Parenchymal: genetically related | α1AT | ||
| Hereditary | WD HH |
Bridging fibrosis, post-necrotic | |
| Cholangiopathies: genetically related | Alagille syndrome | ||
| Hereditary | Caroli syndrome ABCB4 deficiency Cystic fibrosis Polycystic disease |
Biliary-like fibrosis | |
| Cholangiopathies: immune-mediated | Autoimmune injury to cholangiocytes | PBC PSC |
Biliary-like fibrosis |
| Cholangiopathies: unknown | Idiopathic cholangiopathies | Biliary atresia Sarcoidosis |
Biliary-like fibrosis |
Abbreviations: ALD: alcoholic liver disease; α1AT: α1-anti-trypsin disease; AH1: autoimmune hepatitis 1; AH2: autoimmune hepatitis 2; HBC: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HH: hereditary hemochromatosis; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; PBC: primary biliary cholangitis; PSC: primary sclerosing cholangitis; WD: Wilson′s Disease.