Table 1.
Mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) of cytokine protein concentrations (pg/mL) in plasma samples from osteotomy (OST; n = 5), polytrauma (PT-C; n = 5) and polytrauma + anti-HMGB1 antibody rats (PT-Ab HMGB1; n = 5) at 1, 3 and 7 days post-trauma (dpt). * p < 0.05 comparing OST and PT-Ab HMGB1 rats to PT-C rats.
| 1 dpt | 3 dpt | 7 dpt | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokines | Pro- /Anti- Inflammatory Role |
Helper/ Regulatory T Cell (Th/Treg) Cell Type |
PT-C vs. OST |
PT-C vs. PT-Ab HMGB1 |
PT-C vs. OST |
PT-C vs. PT-Ab HMGB1 |
PT-C Vs. OST |
PT-C vs. PT-Ab HMGB1 |
| IL-6 | Pro- inflammatory |
Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th22 |
813 (8 to 162) * |
−47 (−919 to 825) |
−68 (−162 to 26) |
23 (−64.33 to 109.4) |
66 (−215 to 346) |
25 (−253 to 303) |
| IL-17A | Pro- inflammatory |
Th17 | 105 (−100 to 310) |
60 (−57 to 178) |
44 (−205 to 294) |
−14 (−352 to 323) |
70 (−114 to 254) |
43 (−145 to 231) |
| IFNγ | Pro- inflammatory |
Th1 and Th17 | 0.14 (−0.6 to 0.9) |
−0.03 (−0.7 to 0.63) |
−0.28 (−0.8 to 0.3) |
0.01 (−0.4 to 0.4) |
0.6 (0.02 to 1.2) * |
−0.003 (−1.04 to 1.03) |
| IL-22 | Pro- inflammatory |
Th17 and Th22 |
150 (38 to 262) * |
67 (−53 to 187) |
1.2 (−83 to 85) |
−104 (−432 to 223) |
123 (−96 to 341) |
110 (−108 to 328) |
| IL-2 | Pro- inflammatory |
Th1 | 137 (28 to 246) * |
36 (−82 to 153) |
45 (−124 to 213) |
1.6 (−172 to 175) |
14 (−165 to 193) |
58 (−102 to 218) |
| IL-17F | Pro- inflammatory |
Th17 | 60 (−16 to 136) |
35 (−42 to 112) |
43 (−115 to 200) |
36 (−94 to 165) |
12 (−77 to 101) |
38 (−36 to 113) |
| IL-9 | Pro- inflammatory |
Th9 | 0.9 (0.2 to 1.7) |
0.2 (−0.8 to 1.2) |
0.14 (−1.2 to 1.5) |
−0.3 (−1.9 to 1.3) |
−0.02 (−1.3 to 1.3) |
−0.006 (−1.3 to 1.3) |
| GM-CSF | Pro- inflammatory |
Th1, Th2 and Th17 |
0.9 (0.01 to 1.7) |
0.3 (−0.43 to 1.04) |
0.4 (−1.04 to 1.8) |
0.3 (−1.14 to 1.7) |
0.06 (−1.3 to 1.4) |
−0.2 (−1.6 to 1.3) |
| TNFα | Pro- inflammatory |
Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22 and Th9 |
11 (−1.2 to 23) |
4 (−19 to 27) |
6 (−25 to 37) |
6 (−22 to 34) |
−1.03 (−14 to 12) |
0.3 (−11 to 12) |
| IL-10 | Anti- inflammatory |
Th1, Th2, Tregs, Th17, Th9 and Th22 |
116 (33 to 199) * |
20 (−119 to 158) |
63 (−67 to 192) |
49 (−81 to 178) |
−35 (−161 to 91) |
−97 (−410 to 217) |
| IL-13 | Anti- inflammatory |
Th2 and Th22 | 131 (6 to 256) * |
59 (−64 to 181) |
37 (−174 to 248) |
−34 (−344 to 277) |
66.14 (−95 to 228) |
42.01 (−126 to 210) |
| IL-5 | Anti- inflammatory |
Th2 | 98 (−53 to 248) |
43 (−110 to 195) |
61 (−82 to 204) |
2.4 (−171 to 175) |
−1.03 (−144 to 142) |
4.3 (−127 to 136) |
| IL-4 | Anti- inflammatory |
Th2 | 8.7 (−6 to 23) |
3 (−13 to 20) |
6 (−16 to 28) |
5 (−14 to 23) |
−0.6 (−18 to 17) |
2 (−18 to 22) |