Table 1.

Summary of different chronic stress protocols in rodents, their behavioral outcome, and effect on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

Protocol of Stress	Behavior	Effect on Neurogenesis (↓ Decreased; ↔ Unchanged; ↑ Increased)
Chronic social stress, Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)	↑ Anhedonia, Social avoidance, ↑ Sleep disturbances, ↓ Exploratory anxiety, ↓ Weight	↓ Simon et al., 2005; Schloesser et al., 2010; Jiang et al., 2019 [73,74,75] ↔ Hanson et al., 2011 [76] ↑ Lagace et al., 2010 [77]
Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), (Unpredictable) Chronic mild stress ((U)CMS)	↑ Anhedonia, ↑ Sleep disturbances, ↑ Behavioral despair, ↓ Grooming, ↓ Weight	↓ Jayatissa et al., 2006, 2009; Toth et al., 2008; Surget et al., 2011; Dioli et al., 2017 [78,79,80,81,82] ↔ Lee et al., 2006 [83]
Chronic corticosteroid treatment	↑ Anhedonia, ↑ Behavioral despair, ↑ Anxiety	↓ Ekstrand et al., 2008; Brummelte and Galea, 2010; Pazini et al., 2017; Levone et al., 2020 [84,85,86,87]
Repeated restraint stress	↑ Anhedonia, ↑ Anxiety, ↑ Behavioral despair	↓ Luo et al., 2005; Rosenbrock et al., 2005; Snyder et al., 2011 [38,88,89] ↔ O’Leary et al., 2012 [90] ↑ Parihar et al., 2011 [91]
Early life stress (ELS)	↑ Anhedonia, ↑ Anxiety, ↑ Behavioral despair, ↓ Learning, ↓ Locomotion	↓ Mirescu et al., 2004; Kikusui et al., 2009; Lajud et al., 2012 [92,93,94]
Prenatal (restraint of pregnant dams)	↑ Anhedonia, ↑ Anxiety, ↑ Behavioral despair	↓ Lemaire et al., 2000; Bosch et al., 2006; Mandyam et al., 2008; Lucassen et al., 2009 [95,96,97,98]
Learned helplessness (chronic tail or footshocks) (LH)	↓ Active avoidance, ↑ Sleep disturbances, ↓ Weight	↓ Malberg and Duman, 2003 [99] ↔ Van der Borght et al., 2005 [100]
Social isolation (SI)	↑ Anxiety, ↑ Behavioral despair, ↓ Learning,	↓ Westenbroek et al., 2004; Spritzer et al., 2011; Chan et al., 2017 [101,102,103]
Lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behavior	↑ Anhedonia, ↑ Lethargy, ↓ Appetite and food intake, ↑ Anxiety	↓ Ekdahl et al., 2003; Monje, 2003; Yirmiya and Goshen, 2011; Perez-Dominguez et al., 2019 [104,105,106,107] ↔ Depino, 2015 [108]