Table 3.
Associations of physical fitness at 6.6 years (final year of kindergarten) with cognitive abilities at 7.6 years (1st grade at school) in kindergarten MVPA-based children of lower (25%) and upper (75%) quartiles.
Cognitive Abilities at 7.6 Years | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Quartile | Upper Quartile | |||||||||||
Conceptual Skills | Verbal Abilities | Perception | Conceptual Skills | Verbal Abilities | Perception | |||||||
Physical fitness at 6.6 years | AdjR2 | β | AdjR2 | β | AdjR2 | β | AdjR2 | β | AdjR2 | β | AdjR2 | β |
Cardiorespiratory fitness | ||||||||||||
Model 1 | 0.047 | 0.307 | −0.010 | 0.200 | 0.112 | 0.395 | −0.006 | 0.224 | −0.059 | 0.008 | −0.047 | 0.104 |
Model 2 | −0.137 | 0.585 | −0.126 | 0.065 | 0.362 | 0.645 | 0.292 | 0.363 | 0.011 | 0.207 | 0.536 | 0.375 * |
Model 3 | 0.040 | 0.940 | 0.550 | −0.096 | 0.222 | 0.001 | 0.668 | 0.651 | 0.844 | −0.036 * | 0.661 | 0.048 |
Model 4 | −0.076 | 0.872 | 0.615 | −0.178 | 0.082 | 0.046 | 0.596 | 0.575 | 0.794 | −0.022 | 0.606 | 0.358 |
Grip-to-BMI ratio | ||||||||||||
Model 1 | −0.038 | −0.117 | −0.016 | −0.186 | −0.033 | 0.138 | −0.005 | −0.225 | −0.044 | 0.119 | −0.043 | −0.121 |
Model 2 | −0.394 | −0.059 | −0.108 | −0.196 | 0.189 | 0.511 | 0.125 | −0.095 | −0.004 | −0.189 | 0.389 | 0.188 |
Model 3 | −0.483 | −0.196 | 0.773 | 0.567 * | 0.261 | 0.234 | 0.178 | 0.311 | 0.857 | 0.107 * | 0.842 | 0.469 * |
Model 4 | −0.591 | −0.263 | 0.831 | 0.523 * | 0.143 | 0.268 | 0.160 | 0.195 | 0.819 | 0.130 | 0.840 | 0.521 |
Grip-to-FFM ratio | ||||||||||||
Model 1 | −0.040 | −0.145 | 0.032 | −0.298 | 0.025 | 0.287 | −0.037 | −0.155 | 0.014 | −0.269 | −0.050 | −0.109 |
Model 2 | −0.313 | 0.176 | −0.188 | −0.226 | 0.293 | 0.166 | 0.394 | −0.186 | 0.047 | −0.434 | 0.266 | 0.071 |
Model 3 | 0.927 | −0.019 | −0.498 | 0.979 | 0.713 | −0.141 | 0.194 | 0.142 | 0.801 | 0.073 | 0.931 | 0.585 * |
Model 4 | 0.910 | 0.257 | −0.002 | 0.921 | 0.976 | −0.999 | 0.194 | 0.142 | 0.801 | 0.073 | 0.931 | 0.585 * |
SLJ-to-BMI ratio | ||||||||||||
Model 1 | −0.026 | 0.158 | −0.042 | −0.101 | 0.064 | 0.333 | −0.032 | −0.170 | 0.039 | −0.150 | −0.058 | 0.063 |
Model 2 | −0.394 | 0.049 | 0.046 | −0.431 | 0.408 | 0.619 | 0.119 | −0.059 | 0.062 | −0.273 | 0.356 | 0.085 |
Model 3 | −0.391 | −0.373 | 0.568 | −0.165 | 0.467 | 0.536 | 0.065 | −0.064 | 0.874 | 0.126 * | 0.823 | 0.360 * |
Model 4 | −0.538 | −0.328 | 0.131 | −0.126 | 0.364 | 0.518 | 0.177 | 0.175 | 0.832 | 0.126 | 0.777 | 0.379 |
SLJ-to-FFM ratio | ||||||||||||
Model 1 | 0.033 | 0.300 | −0.050 | −0.109 | 0.134 | 0.430 | 0.099 | 0.394 | 0.060 | −0.345 | 0.020 | 0.285 |
Model 2 | −0.243 | 0.248 | −0.121 | −0.261 | 0.443 | 0.339 | 0.353 | −0.054 | 0.118 | −0.541 | 0.260 | 0.000 |
Model 3 | 0.927 | 0.028 | 0.281 | −0.427 | 0.789 | 0.257 | 0.192 | 0.162 | 0.806 | 0.106 | 0.885 | 0.658 * |
Model 4 | 0.902 | 0.103 | 0.983 | −0.809 | 0.629 | 0.185 | 0.192 | 0.162 | 0.806 | 0.106 | 0.885 | 0.658 * |
Speed-agility fitness a | ||||||||||||
Model 1 | 0.031 | 0.283 | 0.050 | 0.312 | 0.048 | −0.309 | 0.116 | 0.406 | 0.056 | −0.051 | −0.054 | −0.067 |
Model 2 | −0.166 | 0.532 | 0.477 | 0.862 * | 0.241 | −0.487 | 0.126 | 0.118 | 0.030 | −0.385 | 0.427 | −0.300 |
Model 3 | 0.214 | 1.058 | 0.601 | 0.296 | 0.553 | −0.715 | 0.091 | 0.217 | 0.882 | −0.233 * | 0.604 | −0.227 |
Model 4 | 0.204 | 1.675 | −0.597 | −0.146 | 0.646 | −1.362 | 0.681 | 0.994 | 0.910 | −0.447 * | 0.529 | −0.423 |
Balance | ||||||||||||
Model 1 | −0.038 | 0.118 | −0.044 | 0.090 | 0.106 | 0.388 | −0.052 | 0.080 | −0.056 | −0.052 | −0.025 | 0.178 |
Model 2 | −0.392 | 0.065 | −0.128 | 0.024 | 0.188 | 0.395 | 0.198 | −0.285 | 0.002 | −0.219 | 0.356 | −0.101 |
Model 3 | −0.448 | −0.262 | 0.568 | −0.162 | 0.329 | 0.345 | 0.069 | 0.102 | 0.850 | −0.076 * | 0.567 | 0.013 |
Model 4 | −0.331 | −0.600 | 0.753 | −0.427 | 0.365 | 0.565 | 0.292 | −0.490 | 0.800 | −0.092 | 0.429 | 0.080 |
Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2: Model 1 + gender, age, total awake wear time at measurements; Model 3: Model 2 + maternal educational attainment at measurements; Model 4: Model 3 + sports clubs attendance at measurements. AdjR2: adjusted coefficient of determination; β: standardized regression coefficient. a The lower the score (in s), the higher the performance. BMI: body mass index; FFM: fat-free mass; SLJ: lower-limbs muscular strength * p < 0.05.