| TSA | Theasinensin A |
| AP-1 | Activator protein 1 |
| Tyrp1 | Tyrosinase-related protein 1 |
| Tyrp2 | Tyrosinase-related protein 2 |
| CREB | cAMP response element binding |
| PKA | Protein kinase A |
| MITF | Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor |
| MC1R | Melanocortin 1 receptor |
| α-MSH | α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
| NHEM | Normal human epidermal melanocytes |
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