Figure 1.

(A) Schematic of effects of gold nanospheres and nanocubes on Aβ_1–40 peptide fibrillation. Reprinted with permission from reference [43]. Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. (B) Schematic of (a) the process of Aβ aggregation and (b) The schematic of CTAB-stabilized AuNRs with different sizes inhibiting Aβ peptides fibrillation [44]. Copyright 2019 Elsevier. (C) Diagram of Aβ fibrillization pathways influenced by negatively charged AuNPs. (a) Aβ monomers assemble into mature amyloid fibrils and cause neurotoxicity. (b) Aβ monomers incubated with the AuNPs possessing negative surface potential lead to formation of short and fragmented fi brils along with spherical oligomers. The alteration rescues the toxicity generated from mature Aβ fibrils. (c) AuNPs addition to preformed Aβ fibrils induces ragged fi brils and amorphous aggregates without changing the toxicity level [41]. Copyright 2012 Wiley-VCH.