Table 1.
The characteristics of the included studies.
| Study ID | Subjects | Sample Size (Female/Male) |
Age | Interventions | Duration | Frequency | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liu, 2007 | Dyslipidemia | T:30(16/14) C:30(15/15) | T:65.34 C:65.64 | TJQ vs. NEI | 16 weeks | 5 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Wang Z S, 1999 (1) | Healthy | T:28(0/28) C:25(0/25) | T:68.16 C:67.28 | TJQ vs. NEI | 48 weeks | N\A | ① ② ③ |
| Wang Z S, 1999 (2) | Healthy | T:28(0/28) C:25(0/25) | T:68.16 C:67.28 | TJQ vs. NEI | 96 weeks | N\A | ① ② ③ |
| Cui, 2019(1) | Healthy | T:30(N\A) C:30(N\A) | T:54.67 C:55.37 | TJQ vs. NEI | 96 weeks | 3 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Cui, 2019(2) | Healthy | T:30(N\A) C:30(N\A) | T:64.72 C:65.91 | TJQ vs. NEI | 96 weeks | 3 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Yin, 2019 | Chronic disease | T:26(20/6) C:20(16/4) | T:51.88 C:53.10 | TJQ vs. NEI | 64 weeks | 5 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Shen, 2018 | Chronic disease | T:23(18/5) C:15(12/3) | T:66.57 C:66.27 | TJQ vs. NEI | 96 weeks | 6 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Zhao, 2017 | Chronic disease | T:8(0/8) C:8(0/8) | T:54.75 C:52.38 | TJQ vs. NEI | 64 weeks | 7 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Jiang R K, 2007 | Chronic disease | T:18(12/6) C:18(11/7) | T:57.20 C:55.00 | TJQ vs. NEI | 80 weeks | 1.5 times per week for 38 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Chen, 2013 | Chronic disease | T:32(11/21) C:28(10/18) | T:69.30 C:68.70 | TJQ vs. NEI | 12 weeks | 4 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Lan, 2008 | Dyslipidemia | T:28(16/12) C:25(13/12) | T:52.80 C:50.10 | TJQ vs. NEI | 48 weeks | 3 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ |
| Tsai, 2003 | Healthy | T:37(19/18) C:39(19/20) | T:50.50 C:51.60 | TJQ vs. NEI | 48 weeks | 3 times per week for 50 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Thomas, 2005 (1) | Healthy | T:64(30/34) C:65(30/35) | T:68.90 C:69.10 | TJQ vs. AE | 48 weeks | 3 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Thomas, 2005 (2) | Healthy | T:64(30/34) C:78(34/44) | T:68.90 C:69.00 | TJQ vs. NEI | 48 weeks | 3 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Zhang Y, 2008 | Chronic disease | T:10(10/0) C:10(10/0) | T:57.40 C:57.40 | TJQ vs. NEI | 56 weeks | 5 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Chen, 2009 | Chronic disease | T:50(31/19) C:44(20/24) | T:59.10 C:58.30 | TJQ vs. NEI | 48 weeks | 3 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ |
| Liu, 2005 (1) | Healthy | T:20(N\A) C:22(N\A) | T:51.88 C:60.00 | BDJ vs. AE | 12 weeks | 14 times per week for 20 min | ③ ④ |
| Liu, 2005 (2) | Chronic disease | T:21(N\A) C:22(N\A) | T:60.00 C:60.00 | BDJ vs. AE | 12 weeks | 14 times per week for 20 min | ③ ④ |
| Liu, 2005 (3) | Chronic disease | T:10(N\A) C:10(N\A) | T:60.00 C:60.00 | BDJ vs. AE | 12 weeks | 14 times per week for 20 min | ③ ④ |
| Si, 2009 | Healthy | T:27(27/0) C:27(27/0) | T:46.20 C:48.50 | BDJ vs. NEI | 12 weeks | 14 times per week for 15 min | ③ ④ |
| Liang, 2014 | Chronic disease | T:30(10/20) C:30(12/18) | T:54.80 C:55.70 | BDJ vs. AE | 24 weeks | 10 times per week for 20 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Liu, 2006 (1) | Healthy | T:20(N\A) C:22(N\A) | T: N\A C: N\A | BDJ vs. AE | 12 weeks | 14 times per week for 30 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Liu, 2006 (2) | Chronic disease | T:21(N\A) C:20(N\A) | T: N\A C: N\A | BDJ vs. AE | 12 weeks | 14 times per week for 30 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Liu, 2006 (3) | Chronic disease | T:6(N\A) C:6(N\A) | T: N\A C: N\A | BDJ vs. AE | 12 weeks | 14 times per week for 30 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Zhang, 2008 | Dyslipidemia | T:13(13/0) C:23(23/0) | T:41.00 C:40.96 | BDJ vs. NEI | 10 weeks | 5 times per week for 55 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Sun G, 2004 | Healthy | T:19(0/19) C:17(0/17) | T:65.74 C:65.29 | BDJ vs. AE | 12 weeks | 5 times per week for 45 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Wang, 2007 | Chronic disease | T:40(12/28) C:39(14/25) | T:57.80 C:56.50 | BDJ vs. NEI | 24 weeks | 14 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ |
| Yang, 2012 | Chronic disease | T:29(20/9) C:30(15/15) | T:60.83 C:58.10 | BDJ vs. NEI | 24 weeks | 21 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Miao, 2009 | Dyslipidemia | T:25(13/12) C:24(12/12) | T:63.32 C:63.68 | BDJ vs. NEI | 72 weeks | 6 times per week for 55 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Fang, 2014 (1) | Chronic disease | T:30(14/16) C:30(13/17) | T:56.62 C:57.13 | BDJ vs. NEI | 12 weeks | 10 times per week for 30 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Fang, 2014 (2) | Chronic disease | T:30(14/16) C:29(14/15) | T:56.62 C:58.24 | BDJ vs. AE | 12 weeks | 10 times per week for 30 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Sun, 2018 | Healthy | T:5(N\A) C:9(N\A) | T:53.40 C:58.40 | BDJ vs. NEI | 16 weeks | 5 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Sun G, 2008 (1) | Healthy | T:19(0/19) C:20(0/20) | T:65.70 C:64.80 | BDJ vs. NEI | 12 weeks | 5 times per week for 45 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Sun G, 2008 (2) | Healthy | T:19(0/19) C:17(0/17) | T:65.70 C:65.23 | BDJ vs. AE | 12 weeks | 5 times per week for 45 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Yu, 2008 (1) | Healthy | T:12(0/12) C:15(0/15) | T: N\A C: N\A | WQX vs. NEI | 24 weeks | 4 times per week for 45 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Yu, 2008 (2) | Healthy | T:34(34/0) C:35(35/0) | T: N\A C: N\A | WQX vs. NEI | 24 weeks | 4 times per week for 45 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Yuan, 2011 (1) | Healthy | T:57(38/19) C:53(36/17) | T:61.40 C:62.11 | WQX vs. NEI | 12 weeks | 5 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Yuan, 2011 (2) | Healthy | T:54(37/17) C:47(31/16) | T:67.24 C:67.42 | WQX vs. NEI | 12 weeks | 5 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Yan, 2009 | Chronic disease | T:31(8/23) C:31(9/22) | T: N\A C: N\A | WQX vs. NEI | 24 weeks | 7 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Li, 2009 | Dyslipidemia | T:33(14/19) C:33(12/21) | T:58.67 C:56.47 | WQX vs. AE | 16 weeks | 7 times per week for 30 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Ru, 2013 (1) | Healthy | T:19(N\A) C:20(N\A) | T:65.60 C:64.90 | WQX vs. NEI | 24 weeks | 5 times per week for 45 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Ru, 2013 (2) | Healthy | T:19(N\A) C:18(N\A) | T:65.60 C:65.50 | WQX vs. AE | 24 weeks | 5 times per week for 45 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Sha, 2010 | Healthy | T:40 (40/0) C:40(40/0) | T:57.78 C:57.68 | WQX vs. NEI | 20 weeks | 5 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Shen, 2015 | Healthy | T:48(N\A) C:56(N\A) | T: N\A C: N\A | WQX vs. NEI | 48 weeks | 5 times per week for 60 min | ① |
| Sun H M, 2015 | Healthy | T:15(0/15) C:15(0/15) | T: N\A C: N\A | WQX vs. NEI | 24 weeks | 5 times per week for 45 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Meng, 2017 | Chronic disease | T:12(3/9) C:12(2/10) | T: N\A C: N\A | YJJ vs. NEI | 12 weeks | 3 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Su, 2012 | Healthy | T:35(35/0) C:35(35/0) | T: N\A C: N\A | YJJ vs. NEI | 12 weeks | 5 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Yuan M, 2014 | Dyslipidemia | T:30(14/16) C:30(15/15) | T:50.93 C:48.79 | YJJ vs. AE | 24 weeks | 5 times per week for 30 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Liu, 2010 | Healthy | T:32(32/0) C:30(30/0) | T: N\A C: N\A | YJJ vs. NEI | 24 weeks | 6 times per week for 45 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Wang S Y, 2018 | Healthy | T:25(0/25) C:25(0/25) | T:60.00 C:60.00 | LZJ vs. DW | 24 weeks | 3 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Cui M, 2018 | Healthy | T:15(15/0) C:15(15/0) | T:57.31 C:59.91 | LZJ vs. DW | 24 weeks | 3 times per week for 45 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Wei, 2007 (1) | Healthy | T:11(N\A) C:11(N\A) | T:60.00 C:60.00 | BDJ vs. YJJ | 12 weeks | 5 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Wei, 2007 (2) | Healthy | T:11(N\A) C:11 (N\A) | T:60.00 C:60.00 | BDJ vs. WQX | 12 weeks | 5 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Wei, 2007 (3) | Healthy | T:11(N\A) C:11 (N\A) | T:60.00 C:60.00 | BDJ vs. LZJ | 12 weeks | 5 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Wei, 2007 (4) | Healthy | T:11(N\A) C:11 (N\A) | T:60.00 C:60.00 | WQX vs. YJJ | 12 weeks | 5 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Wei, 2007 (5) | Healthy | T:11(N\A) C:11 (N\A) | T:60.00 C:60.00 | WQX vs. LZJ | 12 weeks | 5 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Wei, 2007 (6) | Healthy | T:11(N\A) C:11 (N\A) | T:60.00 C:60.00 | YJJ vs. LZJ | 12 weeks | 5 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Han, 2017 | Healthy | T:15(0/15) C:15(0/15) | T:61.12 C:61.49 | DW vs. NEI | 24 weeks | 3 times per week for 55 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
| Zhu, 2017 | Healthy | T:15(15/0) C:15(15/0) | T:59.91 C:60.02 | DW vs. NEI | 24 weeks | 3 times per week for 60 min | ① ② ③ ④ |
Notes: T, treatment group; C, control group; TJQ, Taijiquan; BDJ, Baduanjin; WQX, Wuqinxi; YJJ, Yijinjing; LZJ, Liuzijue; DW, Dawu; NEI, non-exercise intervention; AE, aerobic exercise; N\A, not available; ①, total cholesterol; ②, triacylglyceride; ③, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ④, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.