Skip to main content
. 2021 Jun 25;57(7):653. doi: 10.3390/medicina57070653

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Possible mechanisms linking leptin to increased arterial stiffness (information based on cited articles). Abbreviations: VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell; RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor- β1; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.