Table 4.
Significant outcomes in the included studies using Oxford criteria for diagnosing CFS.
| Intervention Type | First Author, Year | Outcome (Assessed by) | Comparison Groups | Comparison Time Point | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness and cognitive-based | Surawy, Ch., 2005 [29] | Study 1 (RCT) | Anxiety (HADS) | MBSR/MBCT compared to controls | Post treatment (8 weeks) | 0.010 |
| Study 2 (single-arm experimental study) | Anxiety (HADS) | MBCT/MBSR (pre-post) | Post treatment (8 weeks) | 0.000 | ||
| Fatigue impact: total score (FIS) | MBCT/MBSR (pre-post) | Post treatment (8 weeks) | 0.010 | |||
| Study 3 (single-arm experimental study) | Anxiety (HADS) | MBCT/MBSR (pre-post) | Post treatment (8 weeks) | 0.010 | ||
| Anxiety (HADS) | MBCT/MBSR (pre-post) | Post follow-up (3 months) | 0.010 | |||
| Depression (HADS) | MBCT/MBSR (pre-post) | Post-treatment (8 weeks) | 0.010 | |||
| Depression (HADS) | MBCT/MBSR (pre-post) | Post follow-up (3 months) | 0.050 | |||
| Fatigue score (ChFS) | MBCT/MBSR (pre-post) | Post treatment (8 weeks) | 0.010 | |||
| Fatigue score (ChFS) | MBCT/MBSR (pre-post) | Post follow-up (3 months) | 0.000 | |||
| Quality of life: physical functioning (SF-36) | MBCT/MBSR (pre-post) | Post treatment (8 weeks) | 0.010 | |||
| Quality of life: physical functioning (SF-36) | MBCT/MBSR (pre-post) | Post follow-up (3 months) | 0.000 | |||
| Fatigue impact: total score (FIS) | MBCT/MBSR (pre-post) | Post treatment (8 weeks) | 0.020 | |||
| Fatigue impact: total score (FIS) | MBCT/MBSR (pre-post) | Post follow-up (3 months) | 0.050 | |||
| Rimes, K., 2013 [30] | Fatigue (ChFS) | MBCT compared to waitlist | Post treatment (8 weeks) | 0.014 | ||
| Fatigue (ChFS) | MBCT compared to waitlist | Post follow-up (2 months) | 0.033 | |||
| Fatigue (ChFS) | MBCT (pre-post) | Post follow-up (6 months) | 0.010 | |||
| Impairment (The work and social adjustment scale) | MBCT compared to wait list | Post-treatment (8 weeks) | 0.04 | |||
| Impairment (The work and social adjustment scale) | MBCT compared to waitlist | Post follow-up (2 months) | 0.054 | |||
| Impairment (The work and social adjustment scale) | MBCT (pre-post) | Post follow-up (6 months) | 0.004 | |||
| Impairment (The work and social adjustment scale) | MBCT (pre-post) | Between 2- and 6-month follow-up | 0.004 | |||
| Beliefs about Emotions (Self-reporting scale) | MBCT compared to waitlist | Post treatment (8 weeks) | 0.01 | |||
| Beliefs about Emotions (Self-reporting scale) | MBCT compared to waitlist | Post follow-up (2 months) | 0.012 | |||
| Beliefs about Emotions (Self-reporting scale) | MBCT (pre-post) | Post follow-up (6 months) | 0.004 | |||
| Self-Compassion (Self-reporting scale) | MBCT compared to waitlist | Post treatment (8 weeks) | 0.007 | |||
| Self-Compassion (Self-reporting scale) | MBCT compared to waitlist | Post follow-up (2 months) | 0.006 | |||
| Self-Compassion (Self-reporting scale) | MBCT (pre-post) | Post follow-up (6 months) | 0.003 | |||
| Mindfulness (5 facet mindfulness questionnaire) | MBCT compared to waitlist | Post follow-up (2 months) | 0.035 | |||
| Mindfulness (5 facet mindfulness questionnaire) | MBCT (pre-post) | Post follow-up (6 months) | 0.006 | |||
| Mindfulness (5 facet mindfulness questionnaire) | MBCT (pre-post) | Between 2- and 6-month follow-up | 0.017 | |||
| Catastrophizing (Self-reporting scale) | MBCT compared to waitlist | Post treatment (8 weeks) | 0.004 | |||
| Catastrophizing (Self-reporting scale) | MBCT (pre-post) | Post follow-up (6 months) | 0.012 | |||
| All-or-nothing behavior (Self-reporting scale) | MBCT compared to waitlist | Post treatment (8 weeks) | 0.005 | |||
| All-or-nothing behavior (Self-reporting scale) | MBCT (pre-post) | Post follow-up (6 months) | 0.017 | |||
| Depression (HADS) | MBCT compared to waitlist | Post-treatment (8 weeks) | 0.038 | |||
ChFS: Chalder’s Fatigue Scale, HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, MBSR: Mindfulness-based stress reduction, MBCT: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, SF-36: 36- Item Short-Form Health Survey.