Table 2.
A review of direct effects of isothiocyanate containing plant extracts in in vitro models using in-medium or vapor exposure. The concentration of isothiocyanates or glucosinolates were indicated in the manuscripts. Reoccurring genus names in the same cells are abbreviated.
| Source | Major ITCs Detected | Fungal Strains | Fungus Functions | Activity | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apium graveolens | iPrITC | Fusarium oxysporum | PP | MG | [100] |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | 4-MePeITC | Lecanicillium lecanii | EP | CG | [101] |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | 3-BuITC, 3-OHPrITC, 4-MeSOBuITC, AITC |
Verticillium longisporum | PP | MG | [25] |
| Armoracia rusticana | 3-BuITC, AITC, PEITC | Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum | HR | MG | [22] |
| Armoracia rusticana | AITC, PEITC | Ascosphaera apis | EP | MG | [102] |
| Armoracia rusticana | AITC, PEITC, sBuITC | Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Penicillium citrinum | ENV | MG | [93] |
| Armoracia rusticana | AITC, PEITC | Aspergillus fumigatus, A. nidulans, Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ENV, HR | MG | [56] |
| Armoracia rusticana | 4-PeITC, 5-MeSOPeITC, 5-MeSPeITC, AITC, PEITC |
Aspergillus brasiliensis, Candida albicans | ENV, HR | MG | [84] |
| Armoracia rusticana | 3-BuITC, AITC, PEITC | Candida albicans | HR | MG | [62] |
| Aurinia leucadea | 3-BuITC, 4-PeITC, 5-MeSOPeITC, sBuITC |
Candida albicans, Penicillium sp, Rhizopus stolonifer | ENV, HR | MG | [103] |
| Aurinia sinuata | 4-PeITC, 5-MeSOPeITC, 5-MeSPeITC |
Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Penicillium sp. | ENV, HR, PP | MG | [27] |
| Brassica campestris | 4-PeITC | Rhizoctonia solani | PP | MG | [17] |
| Brassica carinata | AITC | Botrytis cinerea | PP | CG, MG | [69] |
| Brassica carinata | AITC | Fusarium sambucinum | PP | MG | [26] |
| Brassica juncea | 3-BuITC, AITC | Rhizoctonia solani | PP | MG | [104] |
| Brassica juncea | 3-BuITC, AITC, sBuITC | Rhizoctonia solani | PP | MG | [17] |
| Brassica juncea | AITC | Aspergillus parasiticus | MT | MG | [105] |
| Brassica juncea | AITC | Fusarium graminearum | PP | MG | [106] |
| Brassica juncea | AITC | Verticillium dahliae | PP | MG | [107] |
| Brassica juncea | 3-BuITC,3-MeSOPrITC,4-MeSBuITC,4-MeSOBuITC,5-MeSOPeITC, AITC | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | PP | MG | [108] |
| Brassica juncea | AITC | Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium graminearum, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Rhizoctonia solani | PP | MG | [109] |
| Brassica juncea | AITC, BnITC, PEITC | Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium cepivorum | PP | SPG, SCG | [110] |
| Brassica juncea | AITC | Sclerotium rolfsii | PP | MG | [60] |
| Brassica juncea | AITC | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | PP | MG | [111] |
| Brassica juncea | AITC | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | PP | SCG | [112] |
| Brassica juncea | AITC | Colletotrichum coccodes, Fusarium sambucinum, Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium albo-atrum, V. dahliae | PP | MG | [26] |
| Brassica juncea | AITC | Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium poae | PP | MG | [113] |
| Brassica juncea | PEITC | Gaeumannomyces graminis | PP | MG | [57] |
| Brassica juncea and Sinapis alba mixture | AITC | Hypocrea lixii, Ilyonectria destructans, Mortierella alpina, Rhizoctonia solani | PP | MG | [114] |
| Brassica napus | MeITC | Gaeumannomyces graminis | PP | MG | [57] |
| Brassica napus | PEITC | Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium graminearum, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Rhizoctonia solani | PP | MG | [109] |
| Brassica napus | AITC, BnITC, PEITC | Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium cepivorum | PP | SPG, SCG | [110] |
| Brassica napus and Brassica rapa mixture | 3-BuITC, 4-PeITC, 5-MeSPeITC, PEITC | Rhizoctonia fragariae | PP | MG | [115] |
| Brassica nigra | AITC | Fusarium sambucinum | PP | MG | [26] |
| Brassica oleracea | AITC | Rhizoctonia solani | PP | MG | [17] |
| Brassica oleracea | 3-BuITC, AITC | Rhizoctonia solani | PP | MG | [104] |
| Brassica oleracea | 2(R)-2OH-3BuITC,4-MeSBuITC,4-MeSOBuITC, AITC | Candida albicans | HR | MG | [116] |
| Bunias orientalis | 4-MeSO-3-BuITC,4-OHBnITC, BuITC, iPrITC | Alternaria brassicae, Botrytis cinerea | PP | MG | [20] |
| Cardaria draba | 4-MeSBuITC, 4-MeSOBuITC, 4-MeSOOBuITC |
Candida albicans, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, | ENV, HR | MG | [19] |
| Carica papaya | BnITC | Aspergillus amestelodanii, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Candida albicans, C. lipolytica, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Endomycopsis fibuliger, Gliocladium roseum, Mucor sp., Penicillium chrysogenum, P. cyclopium, P. digitatum, P. expansum, P. lilacinum, P. notatum, P. spinulosum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. fragilis | ENV, HR, PP | MG | [30] |
| Degenia velebitica | 4-PeITC | Candida albicans | HR | MG | [117] |
| Diplotaxis harra | 3-BuITC, iPrITC | Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Kluyveromyces lactis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ENV, PP | MG | [118] |
| Eruca sativa | 4-MeSBuITC | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | PP | SCG | [112] |
| Eruca sativa | 4-MeSBuITC | Malassezia furfur, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes | HR | MG | [24] |
| Erucaria microcarpa | BnITC, BuITC, iPrITC | Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Kluyveromyces lactis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ENV, PP | MG | [118] |
| Erysimum corinthium | 3-MeCOPrITC, 3-MeSOOPrITC, 3-MeSOPrITC, AITC |
Candida albicans | HR | MG | [119] |
| Lepidium latifolium | AITC, sBuITC | Candida albicans | ENV | MG | [68] |
| Moringa oleifera | 4-α-L-RhaBnITC | Aspergillus oryzae, Botrytis allii, Candida pseudotropicalis, C. reukaufii, Coniophora cerebella, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium expansum, Piricularia oryzae, Polystictus versicolor, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, Zygorrhynchus sp. | ENV, HR, PP | MG | [29] |
| Raphanus sativus | 4-MeS-3-BuITC, 4-MeSO-3-BuITC | Candida albicans | HR | MG | [52] |
| Raphanus sativus | 4-MeSO-3-BuITC | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | PP | SCG | [112] |
| Raphanus sativus | 3-MeSO-3-BuITC, 2-OH-4-PeITC | Candida albicans | HR | MG | [116] |
| Salvadora persica | BnITC, 3-MeOBnITC, 3-OHBnITC | Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans | HR | MG | [83] |
| Sinapis alba | 4-OHBnITC | Fusarium graminearum | PP | MG | [106] |
| Sinapis alba | 4-OHBnITC | Fusarium graminearum | PP | CG, MG, PF, SG | [120] |
| Sinapis alba | 4-OHBnITC | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | PP | SCG | [112] |
| Sinapis alba | AITC | Candida albicans | HR | MG | [116] |
| Sinapis alba | AITC, BnITC, PEITC | Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium cepivorum | PP | SPG, SCG | [110] |
| Sisymbrium officinale | iPrITC, sBuITC | Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Penicillium sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, | ENV, HR, PP | MG | [121] |
| Tropaeolum pentaphyllum | BnITC | Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Fusarium solani, Microsporum canis, Pseudallescheria boydii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sporothrix schenckii, Trichophyton rubrum | HR, ENV | MG | [23] |
| Wasabia japonica | AITC | Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea | EP | CG | [64] |
Abbreviations: CG—conidia germination; ENV—environmental (decaying fungi, molds, etc.); HR—human related (pathogens, clinical isolates, dermatophytes, etc.); MG—mycelial growth; PF—perithecia formation; PP—plant pathogen; SCG—sclerotia germination; SPG—spore germination. Isothiocyanates: 2(R)-2OH-3BuITC—2(R)-2-hydroxy-3-butenyl isothiocyanate; 3-BuITC—3-butenyl isothiocyanate; 3-MeCOPrITC—3-(methylcarbonyl)propyl isothiocyanate; 3-MeSOPrITC—3-(methylsulfinyl)propyl isothiocyanate; 3-OHPrITC—3-hydroxypropyl isothiocyanate; 4-α-L-RhaBnITC—4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate; 4-MePeITC—4-methylpentyl isothiocyanate; 4-MeS-3-BuITC—4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate; 4-MeSBuITC—4-(methylthio)butyl isothiocyanate (erucin); 4-MeSO-3-BuITC—4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate (sulforaphene); 4-MeSOBuITC—4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl isothiocyanate (sulforaphane); 4-OHBnITC—4-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate; 4-PeITC—4-pentenyl isothiocyanate; 5-MeSOPeITC—5-(methylsulfinyl)pentyl isothiocyanate; 5-MeSPeITC—5-(methylthio)pentyl isothiocyanate (berteroin); AITC—allyl isothiocyanate; BnITC—benzyl isothiocyanate; iPrITC—isopropyl isothiocyanate; MeITC—methyl isothiocyanate; PEITC—phenethyl isothiocyanate; sBuITC—sec-butyl isothiocyanate.