| DS | Down syndrome |
| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| PD | Parkinson disease |
| TDI | Threshold–Discrimination–Identification |
| OE | Olfactory epithelium |
| UPSI | University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test |
| WAIS—R | Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised |
| WISC—R | The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised |
| PIT | The picture identification test |
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