Table 2.
Methodological assessment of the included studies.
| Reference | Reporting | Ext. Validity | Int. Validity | Int. Validity-Cofounding | Power | Score | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | Final | |
| Abbott et al., [31] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 |
| Abedelmalek et al., [38] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
| Abedelmalek et al., [39] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| Ajjimaporn et al., [27] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 20 |
| Aziz et al., [32] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
| Baati et al., [40] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Chamari et al., [48] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 18 |
| Clemente et al., [42] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
| Clemente et al., [43] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| Fowler et al., [41] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| Fowler et al., [33] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
| Gouttebarge et al., [29] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 21 |
| Güvenç et al., [34] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
| Haddad et al., [30] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 17 |
| Hill et al., [35] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| Kiliç et al., [49] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 18 |
| Krutsch et al., [50] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 16 |
| Laux et al., [19] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| Levitch et al., [51] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
| Meckel et al., [36] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Nédélec et al., [18] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Pallesen et al., [28] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 |
| Selmi et al., [44] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
| Silva et al., [17] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 | |
| Souissi et al., [20] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
| Watson & Brickson [45] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
| Watson et al., [46] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Wilson et al., [47] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Zerguini et al., [37] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
| Costa et al., [9] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 19 |
| Figueiredo et al., [8] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 17 |
| Costa et al., [10] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 17 |
Note: A detailed explanation of the domains and categories, together with instructions for the analysis, can be consulted in the original article [24].