A schematic of an MRX sensor is shown. (a) In the magnetization phase, the magnetic moment of the magnetic nanoparticles is aligned to the external field. (b) In the relaxation phase, the mag-netic moments of the magnetic nanoparticles are randomized. (c) The resistance of the sensor in the magnetization and relaxation phases with and without nanoparticles are illustrated. Re-printed with permission from C. Huang et al., 2017. Scientific Reports 7, 45493 [148]. Copyright 2017 Springer Nature, under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, accessed on 28 June 2021.