Table 1.

Life cycle inventories by the type of unit of production in the Gambian fisheries value chain.

Unit of Production (UP) Type	Life Cycle Inventory Items
Fishing by fishing units	Hull and engine materials, fishing gear, fuel and lubricating oil consumption, ice, bait and refrigerant gases, antifouling paint and mean annual captures, landings and discards, as recommended in the literature [41,58,59]. Two-thirds of solids in the antifouling paint were assumed to be lost as antifouling emissions to the ocean, as usually assumed in fishery LCAs [59,60]. Secondary Senegalese data on industrial trawlers [61] was used, as most trawlers operating in the Gambia are Senegalese.
Shellfish collection	LCIs of shellfish collection are very basic, as no complex means of production are involved in that activity, except for dugout canoes, hand tools and fuel for braising. A 2-m-long dugout canoe weights up to 370 kg, and the amount of fuel consumed per UP (shellfish harvester) adds up to 1.7 m3 wood per year (sourced from Senegal and from commercial operations) for processing 273 kg shellfish flesh per year for a yield of 91 kg/year of dried shellfish products.
Production of ice	The production of ice for the artisanal fisheries is performed by both government-run and private plants. These plants produce between 1300 and 1600 t ice per year, consuming between 59.1 and 77.5 kWh/t ice.
Fish processing	Fish processing, both artisanal and industrial, were modelled in terms of fuels consumption (liquid fuels and biomass), chemicals and packaging materials, product yields and water and waste generation, as recommended in the literature [41,59].
Fishmeal production	Based on the secondary data obtained from West African (e.g., Mauritania) and global literature [41,62,63,64,65,66,67,68], as Gambia-based Chinese-owned fishmeal plants failed to provide data. Technical features and efficiencies of plants were considered at a level between Peruvian fair average quality and residual plants, with a fish-to-fishmeal conversion ratio of 4.5, and featuring direct drying fuelled by R500 residual fuel. The total amount of processed fish was computed based on the fish-to-fishmeal conversion ratio and export data, as all fishmeal is exported, and all exports are authorised by the Gambian Food Safety and Quality Authority (FSQA), which provided disaggregated data.
Fish distribution	In the Gambia, distances are relatively modest. As the bulk (67%) of artisanal landings destined for direct human consumption take place in the coastal landing sites, most of the fish is distributed through markets, and most of the population lives between the Atlantic coast and Farafenni, two transport distances that were estimated to represent the two main scenarios for fish products transport: the 25-km Tanji-to-Brikama segment and the 150-km Tanji-to-Farafenni segment. The impact of transporting fish upcountry was estimated based on these two reference distances; fish processing, both artisanal and industrial, was modelled in terms of fuel consumption (liquid fuels and biomass), chemicals and packaging materials, product yields and water and waste generation, as recommended in the literature [41,59].