Table 2.
Statin use in interventional clinical anticancer studies
| Cancer | Statins | Combination agent | Population | Findings | Ref/CTG.ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | Fluvastatin (After the diagnosis) | NR | 40 | Fluvastatin decreased breast tumor proliferation and increased apoptosis | [47] |
| Atorvastatin (After the diagnosis) | NR | 42 | Atorvastatin decreased breast cancer proliferation by influencing the expression of cyclin D1 and p27 | [48] | |
| Simvastatin (After the diagnosis) | FAC | 60 | Simvastatin may improve the efficacy of FAC in LABC patients | [49] | |
| Simvastatin (After the diagnosis) | NR | 50 | NR | NCT03454529 | |
| Prostate cancer | Fluvastatin (After the diagnosis) | NR | 33 | Fluvastatin is associated with promising effects on tumor cell apoptosis | [50] |
| Atorvastatin (After the diagnosis) | ADT | 400 | NR | NCT04026230 | |
| Gastric cancer | Simvastatin (After the diagnosis) | Cisplatin/Capecitabine | 244 | Adding simvastatin to capecitabine–cisplatin did not increase PFS in patients with gastric cancer | [51] |
| Pravastatin (After the diagnosis) | ECC | 30 | Adding pravastatin to ECC did not improve outcome in patients with advanced gastric cancer | [52] | |
| Lung cancer | Simvastatin (After the diagnosis) | Gefitinib | 106 | Simvastatin may improve the efficacy of gefitinib in that subgroup of gefitinib-resistant NSCLC patients | [53] |
| Simvastatin (After the diagnosis) | Irinotecan/Cisplatin | 62 | NR | NCT00452634 | |
| Liver cancer | Pravastatin (After the diagnosis) | Sorafenib | 312 | Adding pravastatin to sorafenib did not improve survival in patients with advanced HCC | [54] |
| Atorvastatin (After the diagnosis) | NR | 240 | NR | NCT03024684 | |
| Pravastatin (After the diagnosis) | TAE/5-FU | 83 | Pravastatin prolonged the survival of patients with advanced HCC | [55] | |
| Colorectal cancer | Simvastatin (After the diagnosis) | Cetuximab/Irinotecan | 52 | NR | NCT01281761 |
| Pancreatic cancer | Simvastatin (After the diagnosis) | Gemcitabine | 106 | NR | NCT00944463 |
| Ovarian cancer | Simvastatin (After the diagnosis) | NR | 20 | NR | NCT04457089 |
| Glioblastoma | Atorvastatin (After the diagnosis) | Radiotherapy/Temozolomide | 36 | NR | NCT02029573 |
| Endometrial cancer | Rosuvastatin (After the diagnosis) | Megestrol acetate | 43 | NR | NCT04491643 |
| Kidney cancer | Atorvastatin (After the diagnosis) | Zoledronate | 11 | NR | NCT00490698 |
| Head and neck cancer | Atorvastatin (After the diagnosis) | NR | 414 | NR | NCT04915183 |
Abbreviations: ADT Androgen deprivation therapy, CRC Colorectal cancer, DDS Disease-specific survival, ECC Epirubicin, cisplatin and capecitabine, EGFR-TKIs Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, FAC Fluorouracil, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide, GBM Glioblastoma multiforme, GC Gastric cancer, HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma, LABC Locally advanced breast cancer, MM Multiple myeloma, NHL Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, NR Not reported, NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer, OS Overall survival, PCa Prostate cancer, PFS Progression-free survival, TAE Transcatheter arterial embolization, 5-FU 5-fluorouracil