Table 3.
Multinomial logistic regression analyses assessing the association between each specific comorbidity and the pain groups (dependent variable). In these analyses, individuals with MFP were set as a reference against which the other groups were compared.
| Comorbidity | MYA vs. MFP | FM vs. MFP | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjusted 1 | Crude | Adjusted 1 | |||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| IBS | 0.42 | 0.21–0.81 ** | 0.53 | 0.26–1.08 | 2.37 | 1.26–4.46 ** | 2.79 | 1.26–6.19 ** |
| Depression | 0.30 | 0.16–0.59 *** | 0.42 | 0.20–0.87 * | 2.44 | 1.25–4.76 ** | 2.69 | 1.12–6.43 * |
| Anxiety | 0.18 | 0.08–0.40 *** | 0.18 | 0.07–0.43 *** | 0.86 | 0.46–1.61 | 1.10 | 0.49–2.48 |
| Somatic symptoms | 0.22 | 0.11–0.44 *** | 0.25 | 0.12–0.53 *** | 3.57 | 1.34–9.54 ** | 4.62 | 1.32–16.2 * |
| Pain catastrophizing | 0.30 | 0.13–0.70 ** | 0.34 | 0.14–0.87 * | 0.50 | 0.24–1.05 | 0.79 | 0.29–2.13 |
| Stress | 0.27 | 0.14–0.51 *** | 0.30 | 0.14–0.59 *** | 1.20 | 0.60–2.40 | 1.21 | 0.53–2.80 |
| Insomnia | 0.33 | 0.17–0.63 *** | 0.47 | 0.23–0.96 * | 1.45 | 0.76–2.74 | 1.25 | 0.56–2.80 |
MYA: Myalgia; MFP: myofascial pain with referral; FM: fibromyalgia; OR: Odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; 1 Adjusted for age, demographics, BMI, pain duration; Statistical significance is indicated by * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001.