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The BRAF→MEK1/2→ERK1/2 signaling pathway and FDA-approved targeted therapy. RAS-GDP to RAS-GTP exchange triggers a BRAF→MEK1/2→ERK1/2 phosphorylation cascade, resulting in metabolic reprograming, cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. FDA-approved or fast-track-designated inhibitors targeting the MAPK components, as indicated.
