Figure 3.

Microtubule immunostaining of 4 days old Arabidopsis roots treated for 7 days with coumarin. (a) Control cells (0 µM); (b) coumarin-treated cells (100 µM); (c,d) zoomed-in view of a specific area of the images of (a,b), respectively, to make coumarin-induced microtubule alterations clearly visible. Black arrows (in (c,d)) indicate parallel, dense, and well-organized microtubules in the control cells and disorganized and lax microtubules in coumarin-treated cells. Scale bars (images a,b): 10 μm. N = 20.