Table 1.
Determination of PFAS content in FCM.
| Country | Compound | Type of Sample | Origin of Sample | Method of Determination |
Concentration | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | PFOA PFHxA PFHpA PFNA PFDA PFUA |
Popcorn bags, baking paper, box of chips, sandwich wrap, hamburger box | Local shops and fast-food restaurants | LC-MS | PFOA: 9.1 × 106 g kg−1 | [35] |
| EEUU | PFOA | PTFE cookware, popcorn bags, PTFE film/sealant tape. | Not specified | LC-MS LC-MS/MS |
4–290 μg kg−1 PTFE film/sealant tape: 1800 μg kg−1 |
[37] |
| EEUU | PFOA PFOS |
Bags of popcorn, sandwich bags | Not specified | UHPLC-QTOF | PFOS < LOD PFOA: 22.1 and 12.9 ng dm−2 |
[34] |
| Denmark | PFCA PFSA PAPs FTOH |
Baking paper, fast-food packaging, boxes of pizza, popcorn bags, etc. | Distributors and retailers in Norway | LC-MS/MS | FTOH: 1.3 μg kg−1 of food | [29] |
| Greece | PFBA PFPeA PFHxA PFHpA PFOA PFNA PFDA PFUnDA PFDoA PFTrDA PFTeDA PFHxDA PFODA PFBS PFHxS PFOS PFDS |
Fast-food packaging, sandwiches, cups, ice cream containers, baking paper, popcorn bags, etc. | Athens market and fast-food restaurants in Greece. | PLE, LC-MS/MS | PFBA: 275.84 μg kg−1 PFHxA: 341.21 μg kg−1 PFHpA: 5.19 μg kg−1 | [38] |
| China | 6:2 FTOH 8:2FTOH 10.2 FTOH 12:2 FTOH 14:2 FTOH 16:2 FTOH 18:2 FTOH |
Bags of popcorn, materials labelled as ecological, cupcake packaging, etc. | Beijing retail market and online | UPLC-MS/MS UPLC-QTOF |
Average concentration of total FTOH: 2990 μg kg−1 | [28] |