. 2021 Jun 22;10(7):1443. doi: 10.3390/foods10071443

Table 2.

Migration levels of PFAS found in foods or food simulants.

Country	Compound	Type of Samples	Origin of Samples	Method of Determination	Food/Food Simulant	Results	Reference
Korea	PFPeA PFBS PFHxA PFHpA PFHxS PFOA PFNA PFOS PFDA PFUnDA PFDS PFDoDA PFTrDA PFTeDA PFHxDA PFODA	Frying pans, baking utensils grills, baking paper	Large and local markets	LC-MS/MS	N-heptane, 50% ethanol, water and 4% acetic	PFODA: 3.05 μg L⁻¹ in n-heptane PFNA: 2.12 μg/L in 50% ethanol	[30]
Spain	PFBA PFPeA L-PFBS PFHxA PFHpA L-PFHxS PFOA L-PFHpS PFNA L-PFOS PFDA PFUnDA L-PFDS PFDoDA PFTrDA PFTeDA	Paper bags	Local markets	UPLC-MS/MS	Tenax^® Whole milk and low-fat milk	Increased migration in whole milk. Migration to Tenax^® was 8% at 80 °C, 10% at 120 °C and 25% at 160 °C	[31]
EEUU	PFOA Flurotelomers	Popcorn bags	Not specified	LC/MS LC-MS/MS	Popcorn oil, Myglyol	Migration levels of fluortelomers of 1.4 mg kg⁻¹ before and 2.1 mg kg⁻¹ after heating	[37]
EEUU	PFOS	Non-stick paper	EEUU retail markets	LC/MS	Ethanol/water (10, 20, 25 and 30% ethanol)	Increased migration in emulsified foods	[42]
Germany	FTOH	Paper Muffins	Not specified	GC/CI-MS	Tenax Muffins	The higher the humidity the higher the FTOH migration	[43]
Egypt	PFOS PFOA	Tefal kitchen utensils	Not specified	LC-MS	Fresh tomatoes as acidic foods White beans as a staple food	Increased migration in acidic foods Increased migration in salted foods. Increased migration as the number of exhibitions increases.	[44]
China	6:2 FTOH 8:2 FTOH 10:2 FTOH 12:2 FTOH 14:2 FTOH 16:2 FTOH PFBA PFPeA PFHxA PFHpA PFOA PFNA PFDA PFUnDA PFDoDA PFTeDA PFPeDA PFHxDA PFHpDA PFODA	Popcorn bags, materials labelled as ecological, cupcake packaging, etc.	Beijing retail markets and online	UPLC-MS/MS UPLC-QTOF-MS	Water, 10%, 30% and 50% ethanol	Higher migration when the fluorine chain is smaller. Sum of 15 PFCA 0.006 μg cm⁻² and 0.3 μg cm⁻² for 7 FTOH	[28]
Denmark	PFPeA PFHxA PFHpA PFOA PFNA PFDA PFUnDA PFDoDA PFTeA PFTrA 6.2 FTOH 8.2 FTOH 10.2 FTOH	Dishes, Cupcake packaging	Distributors and retailers in Norway	LC-MS/MS	50% ethanol: water	Increased migration with increasing temperature	[29]