Table 2.
Summary of the cited miRNAs involved in metabolic diseases and their mechanisms of action.
| Name | Functions | Targets |
|---|---|---|
| miR-130 | ↓ adipogenesis [135] | PPARγ [135] |
| miR-486 | ↑preadipocyte proliferation and myotube glucose intolerance [137] | preadipocyte [137] |
| miR-146b and miR-15b | ↓glucose-stimulated insulin secretion [137] | - |
| miR-375 | ↓GSIS process [138] | insulin gene transcription [138] |
| miR-7 | ↓expression of genes involved in the process of fusion of insulin granules with plasma membrane and SNARE proteins [97] | genes involved in insulin granules fusion with plasma membrane and SNARE proteins [97] |
| miR-184 | ↑ β-cell proliferation, ↑insulin secretion in response to glucose challenge and protects β-cells against apoptosis induced by chronic exposure to proinflammatory cytokines or FAs [139,140] | β-cells in pancreatic islets [139,140] |
| miR-24 | implicated in de-differentiation and protection against apoptosis of β-cells [141] | β-cells in pancreatic islets [141] |
| miR-204 | ↓insulin production [142]; ↑ improved glucose tolerance and insulin secretion [143] | TXNIP/miR-204/MafA/insulin pathway [142]; GLP1R [143] |
| miR-122 | ↑Hepatocyte proliferation and maturation [144] ↓TG synthesis [145] | HNF6 [144] |
| miR-29a | ↑Uptake of lipids from the circulation in hepatocytes [146] | Lpl [146] |
| miR-21 | ↓TG, free cholesterol, and total cholesterol levels [147] ↑Lipid oxidation [148] | HMGCR and FABP7 [147,149]; PTEN [150]; PPARα [148] |
| miR-33 | Cholesterol and FAs metabolism [151]; ↓Gluconeogenesis [152,153,154,155] | ABCA1 and ABCG1, CPT1A and AMPKα [151]; PCK1, G6PC [152,153,154,155] |
| miR-34a | ↓FAs catabolism [156] | PPARα, SIRT1 [156] |