Table 2.
The volatile components in kiwifruit and their basic parameters and concentration range.
| NO. | Compounds | RI a | CAS b | Concentration Range (μg/L) | Cultivars c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esters | |||||
| 1 | Methyl acetate | 487 | 79-20-9 | 0.00–25.56 | 3 |
| 2 | Ethyl acetate | 586 | 141-78-6 | 1.42–430.85 | 23 S,A,H |
| 3 | tert-Butyl isopropyl carbonat | 911 | - | 0.00–3.42 | 1 |
| 4 | Methyl propionate | 586 | 554-12-1 | 0.00–4.14 | 2 |
| 5 | n-Propyl acetate | 686 | 109-60-4 | 0.00–43.27 | 20 A,H |
| 6 | Methyl butanoate | 686 | 623-42-7 | 0.00–2675.60 | 14 |
| 7 | trans-but-2-enoic acid methyl ester | 694 | 623-43-8 | 0.00–2.53 | 1 |
| 8 | Ethyl isobutyrate | 721 | 97-62-1 | 0.00–20.84 | 2 |
| 9 | sec-Butyl acetate | 721 | 105-46-4 | 0.00–15.72 | 18 A,H |
| 10 | Butyl acetate | 785 | 123-86-4 | 0.00–29.77 | 3 |
| 11 | Diethyl carbonate | 761 | 105-58-8 | 0.00–3.54 | 1 |
| 12 | Ethyl butanoate | 785 | 105-54-4 | 1.56–7042.01 | 23 S,A,H |
| 13 | Methyl valerate | 785 | 624-24-8 | 0.00–23.31 | 4 |
| 14 | Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate | 820 | 7452-79-1 | 0.00–9.62 | 2 |
| 15 | Hexyl formate | 981 | 629-33-4 | 0.00–167.99 | 21 S,H |
| 16 | n-Propyl butyrate | 884 | 105-66-8 | 0.00–85.50 | 4 |
| 17 | Heptyl butanoate | 1282 | 5870-93-9 | 0.00–1.36 | 1 |
| 18 | Ethyl pentanoate | 884 | 539-82-2 | 0.00–66.12 | 9 |
| 19 | Isobutyl isobutyrate | 856 | 97-85-8 | 0.00–3.86 | 1 |
| 20 | Methyl hexanoate | 884 | 106-70-7 | 0.00–226.78 | 13 |
| 21 | Ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate | 947 | 5405-41-4 | 0.00–16.37 | 1 |
| 22 | Butyl butanoate | 984 | 109-21-7 | 0.00–409.61 | 8 |
| 23 | Methyl 2-hexenoate | 892 | 2396-77-2 | 0.00–2.10 | 1 |
| 24 | Ethyl hexanoate | 984 | 123-66-0 | 0.00–1223.14 | 22 S,A,H |
| 25 | Methyl 3-(methylthio)propionate | 936 | 13532-18-8 | 0.00–25.71 | 1 |
| 26 | trans-β-Ocimene | 976 | 3779-61-1 | 0.00–3.81 | 2 |
| 27 | Methyl 2-ethylhexanoate | 1019 | 816-19-3 | 0.00–1.32 | 1 |
| 28 | Methyl benzoate | 1060 | 93-58-3 | 0.00–104.95 | 16 |
| 29 | Ethyl benzoate | 1160 | 93-89-0 | 0.00–349.13 | 8 |
| 30 | Butyl hexanoate | 1183 | 626-82-4 | 0.00–22.84 | 10 |
| 31 | Ethyl octanoate | 1183 | 106-32-1 | 0.00–64.28 | 11 S |
| 32 | Sulfurous acid, 2-ethylhexyl nonyl ester | 2270 | - | 0.00–4.72 | 1 |
| 33 | Butyl benzoate | 1359 | 136-60-7 | 0.00–32.36 | 4 |
| 34 | Ethyl caprate | 1381 | 110-38-3 | 0.00–14.15 | 2 S |
| 35 | 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate | 1605 | 6846-50-0 | 0.00–36.52 | 1 |
| 36 | Diisobutyl phthalate | 1908 | 84-69-5 | 0.00–8.78 | 20 A,H |
| 37 | Dibutyl phthalate | 2037 | 84-74-2 | 0.00–15.77 | 19 A,H |
| Alcohols | |||||
| 38 | Ethanol | 463 | 64-17-5 | 113.69–1395.23 | 23 S,A,H |
| 39 | (R)-2-Butanol | 581 | 14898-79-4 | 0.00–2.56 | 13 A |
| 40 | 1-Butanol | 662 | 71-36-3 | 0.00–10.52 | 3 |
| 41 | 1-Penten-3-ol | 671 | 616-25-1 | 0.00–9.39 | 2 |
| 42 | Cyclobut-1-enylmethanol | 794 | 89182-08-1 | 0.00–12.89 | 1S |
| 43 | (E)-2-Pentenal | 715 | 1576-87-0 | 0.00–19.19 | 5S |
| 44 | 2-Methyl-3-butene-2-thiol | 807 | 5287-45-6 | 0.00–1.77 | 1 |
| 45 | (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol | 868 | 928-96-1 | 3.11–17.50 | 13 S,H |
| 46 | (Z)-4-Hexen-1-ol | 868 | 928-91-6 | 0.00–0.63 | 1 |
| 47 | (E)-2-Hexen-1-ol | 868 | 928-95-0 | 11.53–294.54 | 23 S,A,H |
| 48 | 2-Octanol | 979 | 123-96-6 | 0.00–45.94 | 18 A,H |
| 49 | 4-Terpineol | 1137 | 562-74-3 | 0.00–15.85 | 1 |
| 50 | α-Terpineol | 1143 | 98-55-5 | 0.00–3.95 | 2 |
| 51 | 7-Methyl-3-methylene-6-octen-1-ol | 1228 | 13066-51-8 | 0.00–6.47 | 1 |
| 52 | 11-Methyldodecanol | 1492 | 85763-57-1 | 0.00–5.44 | 1 |
| 53 | 1-Dodecanol | 1457 | 112-53-8 | 0.00–1.67 | 1 |
| 54 | Cedrol | 1543 | 77-53-2 | 0.00–18.44 | 1 |
| Aldehydes | |||||
| 55 | Ethyl aldehyde | 408 | 75-07-0 | 0.00–10.07 | 17 S |
| 56 | Hexanal | 806 | 66-25-1 | 0.00–1671.57 | 19 S,A,H |
| 57 | (E)-2-Hexenal | 814 | 6728-26-3 | 15.89–6227.87 | 23 S,A,H |
| 58 | 2-Heptenal | 913 | 57266-86-1 | 0.00–79.07 | 13 S |
| 59 | (E)-2-Octenal | 1013 | 2548-87-0 | 0.00–39.58 | 10 S,H |
| 60 | 2-Methylbenzaldehyde | 1095 | 529-20-4 | 0.00–2.30 | 1 |
| 61 | Nonanal | 1104 | 124-19-6 | 0.00–9.77 | 2 H |
| 62 | trans-2-cis-6-Nonadienal | 1120 | 557-48-2 | 0.00–2.90 | 2 S |
| 63 | (E)-2-Nonenal | 1112 | 18829-56-6 | 0.00–22.92 | 10 H |
| 64 | 4-Ethylbenzaldehyde | 1195 | 4748-78-1 | 0.00–16.44 | 4 |
| 65 | Decanal | 1204 | 112-31-2 | 0.00–18.70 | 17 S |
| 66 | (E)-2-Decenal | 1212 | 3913-81-3 | 0.00–2.91 | 2 |
| 67 | Hexacosanal | - | 26627-85-0 | 0.00–1.85 | 1 |
| Ketones | |||||
| 68 | Acetone | 455 | 67-64-1 | 0.00–0.20 | 1A |
| 69 | 1-Penten-3-one | 644 | 1629-58-9 | 0.00–38.43 | 9 S |
| 70 | 4-Methyl-3-heptanone | 888 | 6137-11-7 | 0.00–1.77 | 1 |
| 71 | 1-Octen-3-one | 943 | 4312-99-6 | 0.00–9.21 | 7 S |
| 72 | 2-Octanone | 952 | 111-13-7 | 0.00–1.79 | 1 |
| 73 | 4,5-Dimethyl-4-hexen-3-one | 915 | 17325-90-5 | 0.00–5.31 | 8 H |
| 74 | (E)-4-methylhept-4-en-3-one | 938 | 22319-31-9 | 0.00–1.00 | 1 |
| 75 | Acetophenon | 1029 | 98-86-2 | 0.00–8.91 | 3 |
| 76 | 2,6-dimethyl-7-octen-4-on | - | 1879-00-1 | 0.00–2.10 | 2 |
| 77 | 3-Nonanone | 1052 | 925-78-0 | 0.00–145.93 | 15 A,H |
| 78 | 3-Decanone | 1151 | 928-80-3 | 0.00–0.83 | 1 |
| 79 | 1-Hydroxy-2-butanone | 798 | 5077-67-8 | 0.00–11.75 | 1 |
| 80 | 1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-ethanon | 1255 | 3637-01-2 | 0.00–4.52 | 1 |
| 81 | p-ethylacetophenone | 1242 | 937-30-4 | 0.00–3.98 | 1 |
| 82 | 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone | 1633 | 719-22-2 | 0.00–49.68 | 1 |
| 83 | 3-Amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone | 1844 | 43056-63-9 | 0.00–140.65 | 1 |
| Acids | |||||
| 84 | Dodecane | 1214 | 112-40-3 | 0.00–6.26 | 3 |
| 85 | Hexadecane | 1612 | 544-56-3 | 0.00–0.90 | 1 |
| 86 | n-Hexadecanoic acid | 1968 | 57-10-3 | 0.00–21.51 | 3 |
| 87 | Octadecanoic acid | 2167 | 57-11-4 | 0.00–3.00 | 1 |
| Alkanes | |||||
| 88 | Isopentane | 454 | 78-78-4 | 0.00–1.98 | 1 |
| 89 | Isohexane | 554 | 107-83-5 | 0.00–17.16 | 9 A |
| 90 | 3-Methylpentane | 554 | 96-14-0 | 0.00–8.89 | 10 A,H |
| 91 | Methylcyclopentane | 661 | 96-37-7 | 0.00–10.79 | 8 A |
| 92 | Cyclohexane | 719 | 110-82-7 | 0.00–5.14 | 5 A |
| 93 | 1-propoxy-Butane | 793 | 3073-92-5 | 0.00–21.23 | 1 |
| 94 | 2,4-Dimethylheptane | 788 | 2213-23-2 | 0.00–3.43 | 1 |
| 95 | Nonane | 916 | 111-84-2 | 0.00–4.42 | 1 |
| 96 | 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane | 981 | 13475-82-6 | 0.00–4.78 | 16 H |
| 97 | 2,2-Dimethyldecane | 1130 | 17302-37-3 | 0.00–3.65 | 1 |
| 98 | cis-1-hexyl-2-propyl-Cyclopropane | 1178 | 74630-58-3 | 0.00–31.78 | 2 |
| 99 | 2,5-dimethylundecane | 1185 | 17301-22-3 | 0.00–6.90 | 1 |
| 100 | Nonylcyclopropane | 1216 | 74663-85-7 | 0.00–13.89 | 19 A,H |
| 101 | 2-methyl-5-propyl-Nonane | 1185 | 31081-17-1 | 0.00–0.84 | 1 |
| 102 | 3-Acetoxytridecane | 1615 | - | 0.00–1.37 | 1 |
| 103 | 4,6-dimethyl-Dodecane | 1285 | 61141-72-8 | 0.00–5.75 | 5 |
| 104 | Tetradecane | 1413 | 629-59-4 | 0.00–53.06 | 1 |
| 105 | 7-Hexyleicosane | 2542 | 55333-99-8 | 0.00–7.23 | 1 |
| 106 | Heneicosane | 2109 | 629-94-7 | 0.00–1.71 | 1 |
| 107 | Eicosane | - | 112-95-8 | 0.00–1.27 | 1 |
| Alkenes | |||||
| 108 | 1-Pentene | 508 | 109-67-1 | 0.00–2.77 | 1 |
| 109 | β-cis-Amylene | 516 | 627-20-3 | 0.00–1.49 | 1 |
| 110 | 1,4-Pentadiene | 498 | 591-93-5 | 0.00–5.07 | 1 |
| 111 | 1,3-Pentadiene | 516 | 504-60-9 | 0.00–1.93 | 1 |
| 112 | (E)-1-Butoxy-2-methyl-2-butene | 977 | - | 0.00–4.57 | 1 S |
| 113 | Styrene | 883 | 100-42-5 | 0.00–521.27 | 22 S,A,H |
| 114 | 3-Ethyl-1,5-octadiene | 949 | - | 0.00–25.25 | 6 S |
| 115 | α-thujene | 902 | 2867-05-2 | 0.00–3.96 | 6 |
| 116 | α-Pinene | 948 | 80-56-8 | 0.00–406.12 | 9 S |
| 117 | Camphene | 943 | 79-92-5 | 0.00–22.85 | 1 S |
| 118 | (1s)-(-)-beta-pinene | 943 | 18172-67-3 | 0.00–543.45 | 3 S |
| 119 | β-Myrcene | 958 | 123-35-3 | 0.00–18.67 | 6 |
| 120 | 1-Decene | 1005 | 872-05-9 | 0.00–4.12 | 17 H |
| 121 | (+)-4-Carene | 919 | 29050-33-7 | 0.00–27.72 | 11 S |
| 122 | D-Limonene | 1018 | 5989-27-5 | 1.55–201.63 | 23 S,A,H |
| 123 | β-Ocimene | 976 | 3779-61-1 | 0.00–2.03 | 1 |
| 124 | γ-Terpinene | 998 | 99-85-4 | 0.00–58.33 | 14S |
| 125 | o-Isopropenyltoluene | 1073 | 7399-49-7 | 0.00–209.16 | 15 S |
| 126 | 3-Isopropylidene-6-methyl-1-cyclohexene | 1023 | 586-63-0 | 0.00–724.50 | 21 S,A |
| 127 | (E)-4-Undecene | 1123 | 693-62-9 | 0.00–5.05 | 13 H |
| 128 | (E)-3-Tetradecene | 1421 | 41446-68-8 | 0.00–2.92 | 1 |
| 129 | 1,3,8-p-Menthatriene | 1029 | 18368-95-1 | 0.00–28.51 | 7 |
| 130 | (E)-5-Methyl-4-decene | 1100 | 62338-51-6 | 0.00–1.63 | 1 |
| 131 | (E)-5-Undecene | - | 764-97-6 | 0.00–1.06 | 1 |
| 132 | p-Mentha-1,5,8-triene | - | 21195-59-5 | 0.00–13.70 | 10 |
| 133 | (1R,5-cis,6-cis)-Bicyclo[3.2.2]non-8-en-6-ol | 1152 | - | 0.00–0.66 | 1 |
| 134 | 1,7,7- trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene | 932 | 464-17-5 | 0.00–2.06 | 3 A,H |
| 135 | α-Cubebene | 1344 | 17699-14-8 | 0.00–15.01 | 9 |
| 136 | 1-Pentadecene | 1502 | 13360-61-7 | 0.00–6.81 | 2 |
| 137 | (E)-9-octadecene | 1818 | 7206-25-9 | 0.00–7.96 | 2 |
| 138 | α-Copaene | 1221 | - | 0.00–3.62 | 1 |
| 139 | 1-Tetradecene | 1403 | 1120-36-1 | 0.00–2.70 | 7 |
| 140 | Germacrene D | 1515 | 23986-74-5 | 0.00–2.68 | 1 |
| 141 | Isoledene | - | 95910-36-4 | 0.00–1.01 | 2 |
| 142 | α-Muurolene | 1440 | 10208-80-7 | 0.00–6.65 | 1 |
| 143 | cis-Calamenene | - | 72937-55-4 | 0.00–52.90 | 9 |
| 144 | γ-Muurolene | 1435 | 39029-41-9 | 0.00–1.48 | 1 |
| 145 | α-Calacorene | 1547 | 21391-99-1 | 0.00–5.33 | 1 |
| 146 | α-Corocalene | - | 20129-39-9 | 0.00–2.84 | 1 |
| 147 | pristane | 1653 | 1921-70-6 | 0.00–20.11 | 1 |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons and their homologues | |||||
| 148 | Toluene | 794 | 108-88-3 | 0.00–38.54 | 19 S,A,H |
| 149 | o-Xylene | 907 | 95-47-6 | 0.00–196.84 | 20 S,A,H |
| 150 | p-Xylene | 907 | 106-42-3 | 0.00–39.14 | 2 |
| 151 | 2-Phenylpropene | 928 | 98-83-9 | 0.00–2.64 | 1 |
| 152 | p-Cymene | 1042 | 99-87-6 | 0.00–47.77 | 19 S |
| 153 | n-Butylbenzene | 1092 | 104-51-8 | 0.00–2.16 | 8 |
| 154 | p-propyltoluene | 1106 | 1074-55-1 | 0.00–2.11 | 9 |
| 155 | 6-methyltetralin | 1280 | 1680-51-9 | 0.00–1.42 | 1 |
| 156 | (-)-g-Cadinene | 1435 | 39029-41-9 | 0.00–6.51 | 1 |
| 157 | β-Cadinene | 1440 | 523-47-7 | 0.00–1.95 | 1 |
| 158 | 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol | 1555 | 1138-52-9 | 0.00–19.68 | 22 A,H |
| 159 | Calamenene | 1537 | 483-77-2 | 0.00–10.05 | 1 |
| 160 | 1-Isopropyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalene | - | 16729-01-4 | 0.00–4.17 | 1 |
| 161 | 1,6-Dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl) -(1,2,3,4,4a,7) hexahydronaphthalene | 1902 | 16728-99-7 | 0.00–12.63 | 3 |
| 162 | 2,6-di-tert-Butyl-4-sec-butylphenol | 1902 | 17540-75-9 | 0.00–59.02 | 1 |
| 163 | Cadalene | 1706 | 483-78-3 | 0.00–6.07 | 2 |
| Others | |||||
| 164 | Ammonium carbamate | - | 1111-78-0 | 4.42–28.61 | 23 S,A,H |
| 165 | Aether | 495 | 60-29-7 | 0.00–9.33 | 19 A |
| 166 | Methylsulfide | 471 | 75-18-3 | 0.00–4.97 | 12 S,A |
| 167 | Ammonium acetate | 630 | 631-61-8 | 0.00–3.77 | 1 |
| 168 | Propionic anhydride | 921 | 123-62-6 | 0.00–24.21 | 17 A,H |
| 169 | Methylterahydropyran | 770 | 10141-72-7 | 0.00–2.23 | 1 |
| 170 | methoxy-phenyl-oxime | 1301 | - | 53.75–291.96 | 23 S,A,H |
| 171 | Anisole | 870 | 100-66-3 | 0.00–1.80 | 1 |
| 172 | 4-Octadecylmorpholine | 2511 | 16528-77-1 | 0.00–20.09 | 1 |
a Retention index of compounds on DB-1MS chromatographic column columns. b CAS, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number of the odorant. c Number of kiwifruit cultivars with volatile compounds. S Volatile components contained in Sungold. A Volatile components contained in Hort16A. H Volatile components contained in Hayward.