Table 2.
Cryopreservation with trehalose vs. dimethyl sulfoxide.
| Ref. | Level of Evidence OCEBM | Methods, Slow Cooling and Rapid Rewarming |
CPA Concentration mol/L, Groups | Temperature, °C | Time | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rao et al. [15] 2015 | Level 3 | To determine the cryopreservation of primary hADSCs using nanoparticle-mediated intracellular delivery of trehalose as the sole cryoprotectant. | (1) 0.2 mol/L trehalose; (2) 100 mL/L DMSO; and (3) Fresh control | −196 | 1 day | Trehalose acted as a successful CPA; cryopreservation with trehalose resulted in similar cell survival as compared to DMSO. |
| Dovgan et al. [7] 2016 | Level 3 | The efficiency of combining reversible electroporation and trehalose for cryopreservation of hADSCs. | (1) DMSO; (2) 0.25 mol/L trehalose with electroporation; and (3) 0.4 mol/L trehalose without electroporation | −196 | 1 week | No statistically significant difference between DMSO (91.5% ± 1.6%) and 250 mmol/L trehalose (83.8% ± 1.8%) treated with electroporation was observed, with a slight difference between DMSO and 0.4 trehalose without electroporation (78.4% ± 1.5%). |
| Roato et al. [29] 2016 | Level 3 | To evaluate ADSC viability and differentiation capability after cryopreservation. | (1) FBS + 10% DMSO and (2) FBS + 0.35 mol/L trehalose | −196 | 3 days | DMSO is superior to trehalose for cryopreservation of adipose tissue. Cell cultures demonstrated that ADSCs isolated from lipoaspirates cryopreserved in DMSO showed a higher growth rate and arrived at confluence in a few days with a better tissue architecture, compared to the cells preserved with trehalose. |
| Yong et al. [30] 2015 | Level 3 | To compare the effects of various combinations of CPA on hADSCs in terms of cell phenotype, proliferation potential, differentiation potential, stemness and viability. | (1) 0.25 mol/L trehalose; (2) 5% DMSO (0.7 mol/L); (3) 10% DMSO (1.4 mol/L); (4) 5% DMSO (0.7 mol/L) + 20% FBS; (5) 10% DMSO (1.4 mol/L) + 20% FBS; and (6) 10% DMSO (1.4 mol/L) + 90% FBS | −196 | 3 months | 5% DMSO without FBS may be an ideal CPA for efficient long-term cryopreservation of hADSCs. ADSCs preserved in 0.25 mol/L trehalose showed the lowest cell viability (P < 0.05). |
OCEBM: Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine; CPA: Cryoprotective agent; hADSCs: Human adipose-derived stem cells; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; FBS: Foetal bovine serum.