| Outcome | Description | Outcome Range | Mean (Std) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physical and mental health | Cronbach’s alpha = 0.840 | 0–9 | 1.4500 (1.3853) |
| Head ache | Dummy variable = 1 if the students had pain at least once a week, zero otherwise | 0–1 | 0.2363 (0.4287) |
| Stomach pain | Dummy variable = 1 if the students had pain at least once a week, zero otherwise | 0–1 | 0.1454 (0.3558) |
| Back pain | Dummy variable = 1 if the students had pain at least once a week, zero otherwise | 0–1 | 0.2909 (0.4583) |
| Sad | Dummy variable = 1 if the students had pain at least once a week, zero otherwise | 0–1 | 0.0909 (0.2901) |
| Irritable | Dummy variable = 1 if the students had pain at least once a week, zero otherwise | 0–1 | 0.4000 (0.4944) |
| Bad mood | Dummy variable = 1 if the students had pain at least once a week, zero otherwise | 0–1 | 0.2909 (0.4583) |
| Nervous | Dummy variable = 1 if the students had pain at least once a week, zero otherwise | 0–1 | 0.2000 (0.4036) |
| Sleeping problems | Dummy variable = 1 if the students had pain at least once a week, zero otherwise | 0–1 | 0.4363 (0.5005) |
| Dizzy | Dummy variable = 1 if the students had pain at least once a week, zero otherwise | 0–1 | 0.0727 (0.2620) |
| Soft power | Dummy variable = 1 if the students had a physical and mental health below 1.45, zero otherwise | 0.6000 (0.4944) |