Figure 1.

Inhibition of cellular viability by Ziziphus nummularia ethanolic extract. (a) Capan-2 cancer cells were treated with and without the indicated concentrations of Ziziphus nummularia ethanolic extract (ZNE) for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell viability was carried using the metabolic-dye-based MTT assay, as described in Materials and Methods. Data represent the mean of three independent experiments performed in triplicate. Morphological changes were observed at magnifications of 4× (b), 10× (c), or 40× (d). Arrows show (1) cell shrinkage, (2) membrane blebbing, (3) apoptotic bodies, and (4) echinoid spikes. * denotes p < 0.05, and ** p < 0.01.