Cetuximab, an anti-EGFR antibody, can induce apoptosis and inhibit EGFR activation in acrolein-transformed NOK clone #4. (A) Cytotoxicity of cetuximab (0–50 μg/mL, 48 h) and afatinib (0–100 nM, 48 h) in NOK Acr-clone #4 and NOK parental cells was analyzed using MTT assays. Student’s t-tests were used to determine statistical significance, and two-tailed p-values are shown. * p < 0.05 compared with NOK parental cells. (B) Western blot analysis of apoptosis pathway in acrolein-transformed clone #4 and NOK parental cells treated with afatinib (10 nM) or cetuximab (10 μg/mL) for 48 h. (C) Western blot analysis of EGFR pathway (p-EGFR, EGFR, p-AKT, AKT, p-ERK, ERK, cyclin D1, c-myc) in NOK Acr-clone #4 and NOK parental cells treated with afatinib (10 nM) or cetuximab (10 μg/mL) for 6 h.