Table 1.
An updated list of major malaria vectors and indigenous malaria status in GCC countries.
| Country | Major Vectors | Indigenous Malaria Status * | References Number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bahrain | None | Malaria-free since 2012 | Mahmood RA, 1992 [28] Ismaeel et al., 2004 [29] |
| Kuwait | None # | Malaria-free since 1963 | |
| Oman |
Anopheles culicifacies, very low density |
very low and unstable (3 indigenous malaria cases in 2016) |
Hassan KS, 2017 [30] Simon et al., 2017 [31] MOH, Annual Report 2019 [32] |
| Qatar | An. stephensi, An. multicolor | Malaria-free since 2012 | Al-Kuwari MG, 2009 [33] |
| Saudi Arabia |
An. Stephensi **, An. sergenti, An. gambiae, An. arabiensis, An. bwambae, An. coluzzii, An. merus |
Low and unstable (mainly in the southeastern region) 61 cases (57 P. falciparum and 4 P. vivax) in 2018 |
Alahmed, AM et al., 2019 [34] Hawash Y et al., 2019 [35] |
| United Arab Emirates | None | Malaria-free since 2007 | Nilles et al., 2014 [36] |
* Official declaration by the WHO [24]; ** main malaria vector in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. # Anopheles stephensi and An. sergenti are the main vectors in the neighboring country, Iraq, which may cross over to Kuwait.