Table 2.
The discriminative performance of models for HDC in the pooled samples from Chinese Muslim ethnic minorities and the Han Chinese samples.
| Type of Model | Pooling of Chinese Muslim Ethnic Minorities | Han Chinese | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Included Variables of Model | AUC (95%CI) | p * | Prediction Error | Included Variables of Model | AUC (95%CI) | p * | Prediction Error | ||
| HDC vs. HTN | baseline model | Age, gender, ethnicity, BMI, and dyslipidemia | 0.653 (0.578, 0.728) | 2.15 × 10−4 | 0.280 ± 0.010 | Age, gender, BMI, and dyslipidemia | 0.764 (0.686, 0.842) | 1.49 × 10−9 | 0.249 ± 0.003 |
| glycan-based model | GP5, GP6, GP16, DG24, and DG54 | 0.678 (0.607, 0.748) | 1.70 × 10−5 | 0.279 ± 0.001 | GP20, DG2, and DG53 | 0.715 (0.637, 0.794) | 8.38 × 10−7 | 0.281 ± 0.005 | |
| combined model | Age, gender, ethnicity, BMI, dyslipidemia, GP5, GP6, GP16, DG24, and DG54 | 0.717 (0.651, 0.782) | 1.52 × 10−7 | 0.291 ± 0.003 | Age, gender, BMI, dyslipidemia, GP20, DG2, and DG53 | 0.828 (0.761, 0.896) | 5.91 × 10−14 | 0.234 ± 0.008 | |
| HDC vs. T2DM | baseline model | Age, gender, ethnicity, BMI, and dyslipidemia | 0.682 (0.584, 0.779) | 6.60 × 10−5 | 0.439 ± 0.004 | Age, gender, BMI, and dyslipidemia | 0.609 (0.508, 0.710) | 4.13 × 10−2 | 0.452 ± 0.001 |
| glycan-based model | GP5, GP16, and GP18 | 0.715 (0.622, 0.808) | 7.35 × 10−4 | 0.420 ± 0.002 | GP20 and GP24 | 0.663 (0.567, 0.759) | 2.23 × 10−3 | 0.442 ± 0.009 | |
| combined model | Age, gender, ethnicity, BMI, dyslipidemia, GP5, GP16, and GP18 | 0.747 (0.656, 0.838) | 5.00 × 10−6 | 0.375 ± 0.010 | Age, gender, BMI, dyslipidemia, GP20, and GP24 | 0.689 (0.594, 0.783) | 4.00 × 10−4 | 0.426 ± 0.007 | |
| HDC vs. Controls | baseline model | Age, gender, ethnicity, BMI, and dyslipidemia | 0.771 (0.709, 0.846) | 1.70 × 10−5 | 0.251 ± 0.002 | Age, gender, BMI, and dyslipidemia | 0.871 (0.812, 0.931) | 9.78 × 10−20 | 0.143 ± 0.001 |
| glycan-based model | GP5 and GP6 | 0.678 (0.606, 0.749) | 5.64 × 10−11 | 0.269 ± 0.002 | GP20 | 0.756 (0.685, 0.826) | 4.01 × 10−10 | 0.203 ± 0.001 | |
| combined model | Age, gender, ethnicity, BMI, dyslipidemia, GP5, and GP6 | 0.786 (0.727, 0.846) | 4.03 × 10−12 | 0.238 ± 0.010 | Age, gender, BMI, dyslipidemia, and GP20 | 0.901 (0.850, 0.951) | 1.04 × 10−22 | 0.138 ± 0.001 | |
AUC, area under the curve; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DG, derived glycan; GP, glycan peak; HDC, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus comorbidity; HTN, hypertension; SD, standard deviation; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; * p < 0.05 was considered statistical significance; The prediction error of five-fold cross-validation procedure was presented in the form of mean ± SD.